en عمومى General پژوهشي Research <span style="font-size:12px;"><span style="font-family:Tahoma;"><span style="line-height:normal"><b>Background:</b> The developmental safety of repaglinide during pregnancy remains inadequately characterized. This study evaluated the effects of prenatal repaglinide exposure on fetal viability, growth, skeletal maturation, and hepatic and pulmonary development in Wistar rats.</span><br> <span style="line-height:normal"><b>Materials and Methods.</b> Pregnant rats were allocated to 4 groups (15 dams/litters per group) and received vehicle or repaglinide at 0.3, 1.0, or 3.0 mg/kg/day by oral gavage from gestational day (GD) 6 to GD18. Fetuses were collected on GD19; the dam/litter was the experimental unit, and fetal values were averaged within each litter. Fetal growth, post-implantation loss, skeletal ossification, histopathology, morphometry, immunohistochemistry, and selected biochemical markers were evaluated.</span><br> <span style="line-height:normal"><b>Results:</b> Repaglinide was associated with dose-related developmental toxicity. In the high-dose group versus control, post-implantation loss increased from 5.8% to 33.5%, while fetal weight decreased from 2.38 &plusmn; 0.15 to 1.85 &plusmn; 0.24 g. Delayed skeletal ossification, hepatic microvesicular steatosis, glycogen depletion, reduced Ki-67 expression, and increased cleaved caspase-3 immunoreactivity were observed. Distal lung structural complexity was reduced, with radial alveolar count decreasing from 8.2 &plusmn; 0.9 to 5.1 &plusmn; 0.7 and mean linear intercept increasing from 46.1 &plusmn; 3.8 to 70.5 &plusmn; 5.6 &micro;m (P < 0.001). Pro-SPC immunoreactivity was also reduced. Values are litter means (n = 15 litters/group).</span><br> <span style="line-height:normal"><b>Conclusion:</b> Prenatal repaglinide exposure was associated with dose-dependent fetotoxicity and delayed hepatic, pulmonary, and skeletal maturation indices in non-diabetic Wistar rats under the conditions tested. These findings do not establish clinical risk in human pregnancy; studies in diabetic pregnancy models are required before any clinical extrapolation.</span></span></span><br> &nbsp; Developmental toxicity, Fetal, Pregnancy, Repaglinide, Wistar Rats 0 0 http://ijt.arakmu.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-1576-1&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Nahedh Faris nahedh.a.faris@tu.edu.iq No Department of Biology, College of Education for Pure Sciences, Tikrit University, Tikrit, Iraq. (34001), Doaa Ismael dooa.alhorany@uomustansiriyah.edu.iq No Cancer Research Department, Iraqi Centre for Cancer and Medical Genetic Research, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq. (10011) Shatha Shaker shatha.h.shaker@tu.edu.iq No Department of Biology, College of Education for Pure Sciences, Tikrit University, Tikrit, Iraq. (34001), Raghad Saeed raghad.tays@tu.edu.iq No Department of Biology, College of Education for Pure Sciences, Tikrit University, Tikrit, Iraq. (34001), Anas Al-Hayawi dr.anas77@tu.edu.iq No Department of Biology, College of Education for Pure Sciences, Tikrit University, Tikrit, Iraq. (34001), Rasha AlMoussawi RMoussawi@MEHE.gov.lb Yes Child Protection Officer, General Directorate, Department of Counselling & Guidance, Ministry of Education and Higher Education, Beirut, Lebanon. and Department of Pharmacy, Lebanese International University, Beirut, Lebanon. (1001),