Enter your email address
Submit
Write your message
Volume 11, Issue 4 (July-August 2017)
IJT 2017, 11(4): 43-49 |
Back to browse issues page
Download citation:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
Yarinia M, Amirahmadi M, Ostadgholami M, Babaei M, Emami A, Elmi M et al . Simultaneous Analysis of Seven Non-authorized Pesticides Residue in Cucumber Using Spiked Calibration Curve by GC/ECD. IJT 2017; 11 (4) :43-49
URL: http://ijt.arakmu.ac.ir/article-1-519-en.html
URL: http://ijt.arakmu.ac.ir/article-1-519-en.html
Mostafa Yarinia1 
, Maryam Amirahmadi2 , Mahsa Ostadgholami3 , Masomeh Babaei1 , Azadeh Emami4 , Mehdi Elmi5 , Shahram Shoeibi * 6
, Maryam Amirahmadi2 , Mahsa Ostadgholami3 , Masomeh Babaei1 , Azadeh Emami4 , Mehdi Elmi5 , Shahram Shoeibi * 6
1- MSc in Toxicology, Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University (IAUPS) Tehran, Iran.
2- PhD in Toxicology, Food and Drug Laboratory Research Center, Tehran, Iran.
3- MSc in Analytical Chemistry, Food and Drug Reference Laboratories Center Food and Drug Organization, MOH, Tehran, Iran.
4- MSc in Toxicology, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
5- Department oF Basic Science, Ahar Branch, Islamic AZAD University, Ahar, Iran.
6- PhD in Food Chemistry, Food and Drug Laboratory Research Center, Food and Drug Organization, MOH, Tehran, Iran. , sh.shoeibi@fda.gov.ir
2- PhD in Toxicology, Food and Drug Laboratory Research Center, Tehran, Iran.
3- MSc in Analytical Chemistry, Food and Drug Reference Laboratories Center Food and Drug Organization, MOH, Tehran, Iran.
4- MSc in Toxicology, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
5- Department oF Basic Science, Ahar Branch, Islamic AZAD University, Ahar, Iran.
6- PhD in Food Chemistry, Food and Drug Laboratory Research Center, Food and Drug Organization, MOH, Tehran, Iran. , sh.shoeibi@fda.gov.ir
Abstract: (4583 Views)
Background: Lack of farmers’ knowledge, illegal production and import, and economical situation are the main reasons for non-authorized usage. In this study, one of the major center of cucumber cultivation at south west of Iran, Darreh shahr City in Ilam Province were studied for non-authorized pesticides usage, which health authorities and national standard organization do not recommend.
Methods: A reliable, rapid and accurate method based on spiked calibration curves and modified QuEChERS sample preparation was developed for determination of 7 non-authorized pesticides. During 2014 fifty cucumber samples were collected and analyzed by gas chromatography Electron Capture Detector (GC/ECD). For overcoming matrix effects, calibration curve was prepared by spiked samples.
Results: Method was validated with related parameters. The recovery of pesticides at five concentration levels (n=3) was in the range of 81.02-91.66%. The method was proved repeatable with RSD lower than 20%. The limits of quantification for all pesticides were 10 ng/g.
Conclusion: There are some pesticides which are legally used with identified MRL in cucumber, but for better protection farmers used another pesticides which are not permitted by health authorities, consequently are harmful for consumers. Related fields inspections showed that some specific pesticides were applied for this purpose, such as α-endosulfan, β-endosulfan, endosulfan sulfate, α-HCH, β-HCH, γ-HCH and phosalone that was found in three cucumber samples (6%).
Keywords: Cucumber, Electron Capture Detector, Gas Chromatography, Mass Spectrometry, Pesticide Residues
Type of Study: Applicable |
Subject:
Special
References
1. Galloway T, Handy R. Immunotoxicity of organophosphorous pesticides. Ecotoxicology 2003;12(1-4):345-63. [DOI:10.1023/A:1022579416322]
2. Damalas CA, Koutroubas SD. Farmers' exposure to pesticides: toxicity types and ways of prevention. Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute; 2016.
3. Kostik V, Angelovska B, Kiroska-Petreska E, Bauer B. Determination of pesticide residues in plant-based foods from the Republic of Macedonia. J Food Nutr Sci 2014;2(4):124-9. [DOI:10.11648/j.jfns.20140204.15]
4. Chandra S, Mahindrakar AN, Shinde L. Determination of cypermethrin and chlorpyrifos in vegetables by GC-ECD. Int J ChemTech Res 2010;2:908-11.
5. Bempah CK, Buah-Kwofie A, Denutsui D, Asomaning J, Tutu AO. Monitoring of pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables and related health risk assessment in Kumasi Metropolis, Ghana. Res J Environ Earth Sci 2011;3(6):761-71.
6. Walorczyk S, Kopeć I, Szpyrka E. Pesticide residue determination by gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry as applied to food safety assessment on the example of some fruiting vegetables. Food Anal Methods 2016;9(5):1155-72. [DOI:10.1007/s12161-015-0292-6]
7. Mansour SA, Belal MH, Abou-Arab AA, Gad MF. Monitoring of pesticides and heavy metals in cucumber fruits produced from different farming systems. Chemosphere 2009;75(5):601-9. [DOI:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2009.01.058]
8. Dashtbozorgi Z, Ramezani MK, Husain SW, Abrumand-Azar P, Morowati M.Validation of Matrix Matched Calibration for Analysis of insecticides and Fungicides residues cucumber and tomato using QuEChERS sample preparation Followed By Gas chromatography- Mass Spectrometry. J Chil Chem Soc 2012; 58(2):1701-5. [DOI:10.4067/S0717-97072013000200012]
9. Oishi M, Onishi K, Kano I, Nakazawa H, Tanabe S. Capillary gas chromatographic determination of thiabendazole in citrus and apple juices. J AOAC Int 1993;77(5):1293-6.
10. Bhanti M, Taneja A. Monitoring of organochlorine pesticide residues in summer and winter vegetables from Agra, India–a case study. Environ Monit Assess 2005;110(1-3):341-6. [DOI:10.1007/s10661-005-8043-6]
11. Bempah CK, Asomaning J, Boateng J. Market basket survey for some pesticides residues in fruits and vegetables from Ghana. J Microbiol Biotechnol Food Sci 2012;2(3):850-71.
12. Pesticides –Maximum residue limit of pesticides – Fruit vegetables. Institute of Standards and Industrial Research of Iran. 2009.12581.
13. No ER. 396/2005 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 February 2005 on maximum residue levels of pesticides in or on food and feed of plant and animal origin and amending Council Directive 91/414/EEC. EEC. 2005.
14. Commission E. Commission directive 2002/63/EC of 11 July 2002–Establishing community methods of sampling for the official control of pesticide residues in and on products of plant and animal origin and repealing directive 79/700/EEC. Off J Eur Communities 2002;2:30-43.
15. Amirahmadi M, Yazdanpanah H, Shoeibi S, Pirali-Hamedani M, Gholami MO, Mohseninia MF, et al. Simultaneous determination of 17 pesticide residues in rice by GC/MS using a direct sample introduction procedure and spiked calibration curves. Iran J Pharm Re 2013;12(2):295-302.
16. Amirahmadi M, Shoeibi S, Abdollahi M, Rastegar H, Khosrokhavar R, Hamedani MP. Monitoring of some pesticides residue in consumed tea in Tehran market. Iran J of Environ Health Sci Eng 2013;10(1):1-9. [DOI:10.1186/1735-2746-10-9]
17. Caldas ED, Conceiçao MH, Miranda MCC, de Souza LCK, Lima JF. Determination of dithiocarbamate fungicide residues in food by a spectrophotometric method using a vertical disulfide reaction system. J Agric Food Chem 2001;49(10):4521-5. [DOI:10.1021/jf010124a]
18. Janghel E, Rai J, Rai M, Gupta V. A new sensitive spectrophotometric determination of cypermethrin insecticide in environmental and biological samples. J Braz. Chem Soc 2007;18(3):590-4. [DOI:10.1590/S0103-50532007000300015]
19. Emami A, Rastegar H, Amirahmadi M, Shoeibi S, Mousavi Z. Multi-Residue Analysis of Pesticides in Pistachio Using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS). Iran J Toxicol 2015;8(27):1174-81.
20. Kirchner M, Húšková R, Matisová E, Mocák J. Fast gas chromatography for pesticide residues analysis using analyte protectants. J Chromatogr A 2008;1186(1):271-80. [DOI:10.1016/j.chroma.2007.08.089]
21. Pogcean M O, Hlihor R M, Preda C and Gavrilescu. Humans in the environment of pesticides residues from field–grown Tomatoes. Eur J Sci Theology 2013;9(6):79-94.
22. Hossain MS, Hossain MA, Rahman MA, Islam MM, Rahman MA, Adyel TM. Health risk assessment of pesticide residues via dietary intake of market vegetables from Dhaka, Bangladesh. Foods. 2013;2(1):64-75. [DOI:10.3390/foods2010064]
23. Shoeibi S, Amirahmadi M, Rastegar H, Khosrokhavar R, Khaneghah AM. An applicable strategy for improvement recovery in simultaneous analysis of 20 pesticides residue in tea. J Food Sci 2013;78(5):T792-T6. [DOI:10.1111/1750-3841.12100]
Send email to the article author
| Rights and permissions | |
 |
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |
The Iranian Journal of Toxicology
Arak University of Medical Sciences in collaboration with the Iranian Society of Toxicology
Website: http://ijt.arakmu.ac.ir
Email: tox.journal@gmail.com
