en عمومى General پژوهشي Research <strong>Background</strong>: Trimethyltin (TMT) is a toxic agent that causes oxidative stress, a laboratory model for inducing hippocampal injuries. Pentoxifylline (PTX) inhibits phosphodiesterase, inflammation and oxidative stress. This study evaluated the neuroprotective effects of PTX on injuries induced by TMT in the hippocampus.<br> <strong>Methods</strong>: Sixty male Wistar rats were divided into five groups of 12 each. Group 1 received normal saline while Group 2 received a single dose of TMT (8 mg/kg). The other four groups received TMT at 8 mg/kg plus 60, 100 or 120 mg/kg PTX twice daily for six consecutive days. The rats&rsquo; working and reference memory were investigated, using radial arm maze tasks. At the end of the experiments, the rats&rsquo; brains were removed and processed for histological study of the hippocampus.<br> <strong>Results</strong>: The TMT treatment prolonged the four baited arms tasks (P<0.001), while the PTX treatment at 60, 100 or 120 mg/kg significantly reduced the effects of TMT on the spatial memory (P<0.01). The working and reference memory errors significantly increased in the TMT group compared to the controls (P<0.001) while the PTX treatment significantly reduced the TMT effect (P<0.001). Also, TMT increased the number of pyknotic cells in the hippocampus (P<0.001), while PTX significantly decreased the mean number of pyknotic cells (P<0.05).<br> <strong>Conclusion</strong>: The findings suggest that PTX can protect against the memory deficit and deleterious effects on rat hippocampus induced by TMT neurotoxicity. Thus, PTX is likely to be a potential agent to prevent against the neurotoxicity induced by TMT.&nbsp;<br> &nbsp; Hippocampus, Neurotoxicity, Pyknotic cells, Neurodegeneration, TMT, Spatial memory 83 90 http://ijt.arakmu.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-738-1&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Mohammad Hassan Sakhaie محمد حسن سخایی mh.sakhaie@arakmu.ac.ir 100319475328460010964 100319475328460010964 No Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran. گروه اناتومی - دانشکده پزشکی . دانشگاه علوم پزشکی اراک Atefeh Mohammad-Hosseini عاطفه محمد حسینی Atefe-hosseini@yahoo.com 100319475328460010965 100319475328460010965 No Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran. گروه اناتومی - دانشکده پزشکی . دانشگاه علوم پزشکی اراک Mehdi Sadegh مهدی صادق 100319475328460010966 100319475328460010966 No Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran. گروه فیزیولوژی - دانشکده پزشکی . دانشگاه علوم پزشکی اراک Behzad Khansari-nejad بهزاد خوانساری نژاد 100319475328460010967 100319475328460010967 No Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran. گروه ایمونولوژی و میکروب شناسی- دانشکده پزشکی . دانشگاه علوم پزشکی اراک Saeid Babaei سعید بابایی babaei@arakmu.ac.ir 100319475328460010968 100319475328460010968 Yes Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran. گروه اناتومی - دانشکده پزشکی . دانشگاه علوم پزشکی اراک