Iranian Journal of Toxicology

en Camel Milk Mitigates Monosodium Glutamate-Induced Neurotoxicity Through Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Mechanisms in Rats عمومى General پژوهشي Research Background: Monosodium Glutamate (MSG) is a flavour intensifier extensively used in the food industry; however, compelling scientific evidence has linked MSG to neurotoxicity. The present study aimed to investigate whether camel milk (CM) could suppress neurotoxicity caused by MSG in Wistar rats. Methods: Rats were grouped randomly (n=6 rats) into control, MSG (6 g/kg/day), MSG+CM (5 ml/kg/day after 15 minutes of MSG), and Recovery (MSG for the first 21 days, then left for another 21 days without any administration). All administrations were done orally for 21 consecutive days. Results: Exposure to MSG led to a drastic reduction in brain and body weight. It markedly reduced the activities of catalase, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), and the levels of glutathione (GSH) in the brain. In contrast, pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as Interleukin-1β (IL-1β), Tumour Necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α), Myeloperoxidase, Nitric oxide (NO), and C-reactive protein (CRP), Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κb), caspase-3, and lipid peroxidation, as demonstrated by the MDA level, were prominently increased. The brain functional marker acetylcholinesterase was significantly upregulated, and dopamine activity was prominently reduced. In contrast, <a name="_Hlk215907901">CM</a> supplementation attenuated the weight and biochemical changes. Conclusion: Camel milk supplementation demonstrates a therapeutic effect by alleviating MSG- induced neurotoxicity via antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic mechanisms. The findings suggest that CM can be a potent dietary strategy to mitigate the neurotoxic side effects of MSG.   Camel milk (CM), Inflammation, Monosodium glutamate (MSG), Neurotoxicity, Oxidative stress 44 52 http://ijt.arakmu.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-1404-1&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Moshood Abiola Folawiyo moshood.folawiyo@eksu.edu.ng 100319475328460018683 0009-0004-3690-2644 No Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria. Modinat Adebukola Adefisayo maadefisayo@futa.edu.ng 100319475328460018684 0009-0005-0013-2331 No Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria. Omosola Fisayo Anifowose omosola.anifowose@eksu.edu.ng 100319475328460018685 0009-0004-7272-7695 No Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria. Timilehin Micheal Oni onitimilehin48@gmail.com 100319475328460018686 0009-0004-3690-2644 Yes Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria. Ayodeji Folorunsho Ajayi aajayi22@lautech.edu.ng 100319475328460018687 100319475328460018687 No Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomosho, Nigeria.