<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<journal>
<title>Iranian Journal of Toxicology</title>
<title_fa>مجله سم شناسی و مسمومیتهای ایران</title_fa>
<short_title>IJT</short_title>
<subject>Medical Sciences</subject>
<web_url>http://ijt.arakmu.ac.ir</web_url>
<journal_hbi_system_id>1</journal_hbi_system_id>
<journal_hbi_system_user>admin</journal_hbi_system_user>
<journal_id_issn>2008-2967</journal_id_issn>
<journal_id_issn_online>2251-9459</journal_id_issn_online>
<journal_id_pii>8</journal_id_pii>
<journal_id_doi>10.22034/IJT</journal_id_doi>
<journal_id_iranmedex></journal_id_iranmedex>
<journal_id_magiran></journal_id_magiran>
<journal_id_sid>14</journal_id_sid>
<journal_id_nlai>8888</journal_id_nlai>
<journal_id_science>13</journal_id_science>
<language>en</language>
<pubdate>
	<type>jalali</type>
	<year>1392</year>
	<month>10</month>
	<day>1</day>
</pubdate>
<pubdate>
	<type>gregorian</type>
	<year>2014</year>
	<month>1</month>
	<day>1</day>
</pubdate>
<volume>7</volume>
<number>23</number>
<publish_type>online</publish_type>
<publish_edition>1</publish_edition>
<article_type>fulltext</article_type>
<articleset>
	<article>


	<language>en</language>
	<article_id_doi></article_id_doi>
	<title_fa>Determination of the Antimicrobial Effects of Hydro-Alcoholic Extract ‎of Cannabis Sativa on Multiple Drug Resistant Bacteria Isolated from ‎Nosocomial Infections</title_fa>
	<title>Determination of the Antimicrobial Effects of Hydro-Alcoholic Extract ‎of Cannabis Sativa on Multiple Drug Resistant Bacteria Isolated from ‎Nosocomial Infections</title>
	<subject_fa>تخصصي</subject_fa>
	<subject>Special</subject>
	<content_type_fa>پژوهشي</content_type_fa>
	<content_type>Research</content_type>
	<abstract_fa></abstract_fa>
	<abstract>&lt;b&gt;Background: &lt;/b&gt;The science of identification and employment of medicinal plants dates ‎back to the early days of man on earth. Cannabis (hashish) is the most common illegal ‎substance used in the United States and was subjected to extensive research as a ‎powerful local disinfecting agent for mouth cavity and skin and an anti-tubercular agent ‎in 1950.‎
&lt;br&gt;&lt;b&gt;Methods: &lt;/b&gt;Clinical strains were isolated from hospitalized patients in Vali-e-Asr Hospital ‎of Arak. The hydro-alcoholic extract of cannabis (5 g) was prepared following liquid-‎liquid method and drying in 45˚C. The antimicrobial properties of the extract were ‎determined through disk diffusion and determination of MIC (Minimum Inhibitory ‎Concentration).‎
&lt;br&gt;&lt;b&gt;Results: &lt;/b&gt;First, the sensitivity of bacteria was detected based on disk diffusion method ‎and the zone of inhibition was obtained for MRSA (12 mm), S.aureus 25923 (14 mm), E. ‎coli ESBL+: (10 mm), and Klebsiella pneumoniae (7 mm). Disk diffusion for ‎Pseudomonas and Acinetobacter demonstrated no inhibitory zones. Through Broth ‎dilution method, MIC of cannabis extract on the bacteria was determined: E.coli 25922: ‎‎50µg/ml, E.coli ESBL+:100 µg/ml, S.aureus 25923:25 µg/ml, MRSA: 50 µg/ml, ‎Pseudomona aeroginosaESBL+&gt; 100 µg/ml, Pseudomonas: 100 µg/ml, Klebsiella ‎pneumoniae: 100 µg/ml, and Acinetobacter baumannii&gt; 1000.‎
&lt;br&gt;&lt;b&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/b&gt;The maximum anti-microbial effect of the hydro-alcoholic extract of ‎cannabis was seen for gram positive cocci, especially S. aureus, whereas non-‎fermentative gram negatives presented resistance to the extract. This extract had ‎intermediate effect on Enterobacteriacae family. Cannabis components extracted ‎through chemical analysis can perhaps be effective in treatment of nosocomial ‎infections.‎

</abstract>
	<keyword_fa>biotic resistance, Cannabis, Nosocomial Infections.‎</keyword_fa>
	<keyword> Antibiotic resistance, Cannabis, Nosocomial Infections.‎</keyword>
	<start_page>967</start_page>
	<end_page>972</end_page>
	<web_url>http://ijt.arakmu.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-2-137&amp;slc_lang=en&amp;sid=1</web_url>


<author_list>
	<author>
	<first_name>Hossein </first_name>
	<middle_name></middle_name>
	<last_name>Sarmadyan</last_name>
	<suffix></suffix>
	<first_name_fa>حسین </first_name_fa>
	<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
	<last_name_fa>سرمدیان</last_name_fa>
	<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
	<email></email>
	<code>10031947532846002299</code>
	<orcid>10031947532846002299</orcid>
	<coreauthor>No</coreauthor>
	<affiliation>Department of Tropical Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran. ‎</affiliation>
	<affiliation_fa>Department of Tropical Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran. ‎</affiliation_fa>
	 </author>


	<author>
	<first_name>Hassan </first_name>
	<middle_name></middle_name>
	<last_name>Solhi</last_name>
	<suffix></suffix>
	<first_name_fa>حسن</first_name_fa>
	<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
	<last_name_fa>صلحی</last_name_fa>
	<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
	<email></email>
	<code>10031947532846002300</code>
	<orcid>10031947532846002300</orcid>
	<coreauthor>No</coreauthor>
	<affiliation>Department of Internal Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran.‎</affiliation>
	<affiliation_fa>Department of Internal Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran.‎</affiliation_fa>
	 </author>


	<author>
	<first_name>‎ Tahereh </first_name>
	<middle_name></middle_name>
	<last_name>Hajimir</last_name>
	<suffix></suffix>
	<first_name_fa>طاهره</first_name_fa>
	<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
	<last_name_fa>حاجی میر</last_name_fa>
	<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
	<email></email>
	<code>10031947532846002301</code>
	<orcid>10031947532846002301</orcid>
	<coreauthor>No</coreauthor>
	<affiliation>Medical student, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran.‎</affiliation>
	<affiliation_fa>Medical student, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran.‎</affiliation_fa>
	 </author>


	<author>
	<first_name>Negin </first_name>
	<middle_name></middle_name>
	<last_name>Najarian-Araghi</last_name>
	<suffix></suffix>
	<first_name_fa>نگین</first_name_fa>
	<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
	<last_name_fa>نجاریان عراقی</last_name_fa>
	<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
	<email></email>
	<code>10031947532846002302</code>
	<orcid>10031947532846002302</orcid>
	<coreauthor>No</coreauthor>
	<affiliation>Department of microbiology and immunology, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran.‎</affiliation>
	<affiliation_fa>Department of microbiology and immunology, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran.‎</affiliation_fa>
	 </author>


	<author>
	<first_name>Ehsanollah </first_name>
	<middle_name></middle_name>
	<last_name>Ghaznavi-Rad</last_name>
	<suffix></suffix>
	<first_name_fa>احسان اله</first_name_fa>
	<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
	<last_name_fa> غزنوی راد</last_name_fa>
	<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
	<email>e.ghaznavirad@arakmu.ac.ir</email>
	<code>10031947532846002303</code>
	<orcid>10031947532846002303</orcid>
	<coreauthor>Yes
</coreauthor>
	<affiliation>Department of microbiology and immunology, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran.‎</affiliation>
	<affiliation_fa>Department of microbiology and immunology, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran.‎</affiliation_fa>
	 </author>


</author_list>


	</article>
</articleset>
</journal>
