en Initial Management of Poisoned Patients in Emergency Medical Services and Non-poisoning Hospitals in Tehran: The Comparison between Expected and Performed Managements تخصصي Special پژوهشي Research <div align="left"><b>Background:</b> There is no clear data on the adherence of emergency medical services (EMS) paramedics and hospital staff rather than those working in poisoning centers to the guidelines for managing acutely poisoned patients in developing countries. <br><b>Methods:</b> During a 6-month period, all EMS-managed poisoned patients along with those initially managed in a non-poisoning center before being referred to a poisoning hospital in Tehran, Iran, were instructed. Then the indications for administrating the activated charcoal (AC) as well as performing gastric lavage (GL) and tracheal intubation were studied and compared to the recommended guidelines. <br><b>Results: </b>A total of 3347 cases, including 1859 males (55.6%), were evaluated. There were significant differences between expected and performed endotracheal intubations in both EMS and other medical centers (P-value = 0.002 and 0.001, respectively) as well as the administration of GL and AC in other medical centers (P-values= 0.003 and 0.03, respectively). <br><b>Conclusion:</b> More extensive educational programs should be established to improve the preliminary management of poisoned patients performed by EMS paramedics and staff of hospitals other than poisoning centers. </div> Activated Charcoal, Endotracheal Intubation, Gastric Lavage, Iran, Management, Poisoning. Activated Charcoal, Endotracheal Intubation, Gastric Lavage, Iran, Management, Poisoning. 1054 1059 http://ijt.arakmu.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-2-160&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Hossein Hassanian-Moghadam حسین حسنیان مقدم 10031947532846003060 10031947532846003060 No Department of Clinical Toxicology, Loghman-Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Department of Clinical Toxicology, Loghman-Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Mohammad Reza Zarei محمدرضا زارعی 10031947532846003061 10031947532846003061 No Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Vahid Eslami وحید اسلامی 10031947532846003062 10031947532846003062 No Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Ali Zandieh علی زندیه 10031947532846003063 10031947532846003063 No Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Gohar Fakhfouri گوهر فخفوری 10031947532846003064 10031947532846003064 No Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Marjan Rasouli مرجان رسولی mhr_rasouli@yahoo.com 10031947532846003065 10031947532846003065 Yes School of Nursing, Islamic Azad University of Qom, Qom, Iran. School of Nursing, Islamic Azad University of Qom, Qom, Iran. Patricia Khashayar پاتریشیا خشایار 10031947532846003066 10031947532846003066 No Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Mohammad Reza Rasouli محمدرضا رسولی 10031947532846003067 10031947532846003067 No Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.