en تخصصي Special پژوهشي Research <p><strong>Background:</strong> Co-supplementation of unsaturated fatty acids (FAs) with saturated FAs may decrease the adverse effects of saturated FA-induced lipotoxicity. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of palmitoleic acid (unsaturated fatty acid) on palmitic acid (saturated fatty acid) induced lipotoxicity criteria in the primary culture of adult rat cardiomyocytes.</p> <p><strong>Methods:</strong> Cells were treated with 0.5 mM palmitic acid, palmitoleic acid, palmitic + palmitoleic acids or remained untreated. The values of cellular triacylglycerol (TAG), diacylglycerol (DAG), DNA fragmentation and cellular viability were evaluated over 24 h, 48 h and 72 h time points.</p> <p><strong>Results:</strong> Co-administration of palmitic and palmitoleic acids increased TAG values over 48 h and 72 h time points compared to the palmitic acid (34.37% and 62.79%, respectively; <em>P</em> <0.001), while decreased DAG values (18.85% and 29.42%, respectively; <em>P</em> <0.01). Moreover, palmitoleic acid decreased DNA fragmentation and increased viability when administrated with palmitic acid (<em>P</em> <0.05).</p> <p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> Palmitoleic acid may be beneficial for diminishing adverse effects of palmitic acid in the rat cardiomyocytes through alterations in the molecule signaling levels.&nbsp;</p> palmitoleic acid, lipotoxicity, palmitic acid, rat, cardiomyocyte Cardiomyocyte, Lipotoxicity, Palmitic Acid, Palmitoleic Acid, Rat. 45 52 http://ijt.arakmu.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-366-1&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Elham Zadeh Hashem e.zadehhashem@urmia.ac.ir 10031947532846005524 10031947532846005524 Yes Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran. Mohammad Kazem Koohi 10031947532846005525 10031947532846005525 No Department of Basic Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran. Mohsen Eslami 10031947532846005526 10031947532846005526 No Department of Theriogenology, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran. Farzad Asadi 10031947532846005527 10031947532846005527 No Department of Biochemistry, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran. Reza Taleb Zadeh 10031947532846005528 10031947532846005528 No Department of Biochemistry, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran. Mina Khodadadi 10031947532846005529 10031947532846005529 No Department of Biochemistry, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran. Sepideh Hassani-Dizaj 10031947532846005530 10031947532846005530 No Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.