en عمومى General پژوهشي Research <strong>Background:</strong> Exposure to environmental toxins such as organophosphates poses a great threat to the health of the public. In this work, we investigated the effects of continuous exposure to dichlorvos (DDVP) on kidney function and hematological parameters, and the possible antidote activity of <em>Nigella sativa</em> oil (NSO).<br> <strong>Methods:</strong> This research was conducted in 2016, at The Animal Holding and Research Laboratory of Faculty Basic Medical Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria. Twenty-four Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups, six rats each. The four groups received: 1. phosphate buffer solution as controls, 2. DDVP, 3. DDVP+NSO and 4. NSO alone. After 2 wk of treatment, blood samples were collected and hematological profile (RBC, Hb), erythrocyte indices (MCV, MCH, MCHC, and Plt), renal function parameters (albumin, urea, total protein, chloride, sodium, and potassium ions) and nonspecific immune response (WBC) were measured.<br> <strong>Results:</strong> Rat exposed to DDVP showed red blood cell count, hemoglobin, packed cell volume, albumin, and total protein levels was reduced from control, while white blood cell count and urea significantly increased as compared to controls, the change in K⁺level was not significant. NSO maintained optimal levels of red blood cell count, hemoglobin, packed cell volume, albumin, white blood cell count, and urea, indicative of its protective effect against hemo-, immuno- and nephrotoxicity of DDVP.<br> <strong>Conclusion:</strong> <em>N. sativa</em> (Black Caraway) oil might be a potential antidote in hematotoxicity, immunosuppression and renal dysfunction in organophosphate poisoning, especially dichlorvos. The protective effect of NSO against dichlorvos toxicity can be attributed to its antioxidant capacity. Anemia, Dichlorvos, Kidney Function Tests, Nigella Sativa, Organophosphates, Organophosphate Poisoning 1 5 http://ijt.arakmu.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-451-1&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Moyosore Salihu Ajao 10031947532846006599 10031947532846006599 No Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria. Adebayo Babatunde Sansa 10031947532846006600 10031947532846006600 No Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria. Aminu Imam imam.a@unilorin.edu.ng 10031947532846006601 10031947532846006601 Yes Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria. Abdulmumin Ibrahim 10031947532846006602 10031947532846006602 No Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria. Misturat Yetunde Adana 10031947532846006603 10031947532846006603 No Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria. Abdulmusawwir Alli-Oluwafuyi 10031947532846006604 10031947532846006604 No Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria. Suwebat Bidemi Kareem 10031947532846006605 10031947532846006605 No Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria.