en عمومى General پژوهشي Research <strong>Background:</strong> Pesticide toxicity is one of the major environmental health problems for the modern societies, as some of the effects may last long time after exposure. Propoxur is one of the Carbamate pesticide largely used in agriculture in the Western region of Cameroon.<br> <strong>Methods</strong>: In order to evaluate the post-exposure effects of propoxur, 48 male rats (12 animals per group) aged 30 d were orally gavaged with 0.00, 1.73, 2.60 and 5.20 mg.kg^-1 body weight of propoxur for 90 d. At the end of treatment, 6 rats per group were sacrificed and others were followed up for 90 additional days and submitted to a fertility test before sacrifice.<br> <strong>Results:</strong> At the end of exposure propoxur significantly increased (<em>P</em><0.05) the testis weight while it decreased (<em>P</em><0.05) the cauda epididymal sperm motility in rat. Propoxur treatment and post-treatment exposure showed variable effect on the fertility rate with an increase and decrease at 2.60 and 5.20 mg.kg^-1, respectively. At the 90_th day post treatment, there was a significant decrease (<em>P</em><0.05) in epididymis weight and sperm count and motility (<em>P</em><0.05). In addition, post-exposure treatment with propoxur reduced (<em>P</em><0.05) the pup litter size and the sex ratio at all doses. Histopathological examination revealed a high vacuity of germinal epithelia in treated rats that persisted after post-exposure time.<br> <strong>Conclusion:</strong> Propoxur negatively affected male rats&rsquo; reproductive parameters with more significant adverse effects observed 90 d after the end of exposure. Fertility, Male Rats, Post-Exposure Effects, Propoxur, Reproductive Parameters 21 27 http://ijt.arakmu.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-505-1&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Augustave Kenfack 100319475328460011221 100319475328460011221 No Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agronomy and Agricultural Sciences, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon. Edouard Akono Nantia akonoed@yahoo.fr 100319475328460011222 100319475328460011222 Yes Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Bamenda, Bambili, Cameroon. Ferdinand Ngoula 100319475328460011223 100319475328460011223 No Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agronomy and Agricultural Sciences, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon. Arthénice Jemima Guiekep Nounamo 100319475328460011224 100319475328460011224 No Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agronomy and Agricultural Sciences, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon. Pierre Kamtchouing 100319475328460011225 100319475328460011225 No Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon. Joseph Tchoumboue 100319475328460011226 100319475328460011226 No Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agronomy and Agricultural Sciences, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon.