en Effect of Nano-eugenol and Aerobic Exercise Against the Streptozotocin Toxicity and Inflammatory Mediators P38-MAPK, NPY, and A-Rα2A in the Dorsal root Ganglia of Diabetic Rats تخصصي Special پژوهشي Research <strong>Background</strong>: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of nano-eugenol combined with aerobic exercise against the streptozotocin toxicity and inflammatory mediators P38-MAPK, NPY and A-R&alpha;2A in the dorsal root ganglia of diabetic rats.<br> <strong>Methods</strong>: Twenty-five, 8-week-old Wistar male rats were divided into 5 groups: 1) normal control group (normal model); 2) diabetic control group (diabetic model); 3), diabetic + exercise group (diabetic+exercise model); 4) diabetic group + nano-eugenol (diabetic+nano model); and 5) diabetic + exercise + nano-eugenol (diabetic+exercise+nano model). Diabetes was induced in the experimental groups 2 through 5 by the intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin at 4mg/100 grams of the rats&rsquo; body weight. The nano-eugenol supplement was also gavaged into the supplement groups 4 and 5 only. Groups 3 and 5 exercised progressively at a speed of 8 to 20 meter/min for 5 to 30 min, five days a week over the 8-week study duration.&nbsp;<br> <strong>Results</strong>: The diabetic rats that exercised and were treated with the nano-eugenol, showed a significant decrease in P38-MAPK gene expression compared to the normal model group (P=0.001). The study of the therapeutic modalities also showed that only the diabetic + exercise + nano-eugenol group showed a significant increase in NPY and A-R&alpha;2A genes compared to the normal model (P=0.001).<br> <strong>Conclusion</strong>: Based on the results, the use of nano-eugenol supplementation combined with aerobic exercise is likely to be effective in controlling the neurological damages due to diabetes by negatively regulating the P38-MAPK gene while positively regulating the NPY and A-R&alpha;2A genes in the DRG region.<br> &nbsp; Aerobic exercise, Adrenoreceptor α2A, Diabetic neuropathies, Neuropeptide Y, P38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases 205 214 http://ijt.arakmu.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-822-1&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Abbas Shareghi Boroujeni abbas.shareghi.b@gmail.com 100319475328460011699 100319475328460011699 No Department of Sports Physiology, School of Sports Sciences, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran. Khosro Jalali Dehkordi khosrojalali@gmail.com 100319475328460011700 100319475328460011700 Yes Department of Sports Physiology, School of Sports Sciences, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran. Gholamreza Sharifi gre_sharifi@yahoo.com 100319475328460011701 100319475328460011701 No Department of Sports Physiology, School of Sports Sciences, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran. Farzaneh Taghian f_taghian@yahoo.com 100319475328460011702 100319475328460011702 No Department of Sports Physiology, School of Sports Sciences, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran. Zohreh Mazaheri 100319475328460011703 100319475328460011703 No Histology Laboratory, Baftogen Pasargad Institute, Tehran, Iran.