OTHERS_CITABLE تعیین میزان فلزات سنگین (سرب و کادمیوم) در محصولات کشاورزی عرضه شده در میدان تره‌بار اراک و ارزیابی خطر آنها بر سلامت انسان http://ijt.arakmu.ac.ir/article-1-945-fa.pdf 2021-04-01 73 82 10.32598/IJT.15.2.784.1 Lead and Cadmium Contaminations in Fruits and Vegetables, and Arsenic in Rice: A Cross Sectional Study on Risk Assessment in Iran Background: High levels of heavy metals in food are general concerns including carcinogenic effects. According to studies, the accumulation of heavy metals in crops and consumption of these products in diet, has led to serious health concerns. This study investigated the concentrations of lead and cadmium in popular agricultural products. Methods: In this descriptive study, some fresh agricultural products (leafy vegetables, tubers, cucurbits and seeds) were collected in the winter and summer. The samples were transferred to the laboratory and stored in a cold room. After the preparation of the samples, the lead and cadmium contents were determined by atomic absorption spectrometry. The data were analyzed statistically on SPSS v. 26 software. Results: The average concentrations of lead and cadmium in the winter was 37.23±4.7 and 34.77±0.5 while they were 44.12±0.02 and 56.83±0.01 μg/g in the summer. The highest amount of led content was reported in spinach at an average of 71.25 μg/g and the lowest content was found in watermelon at 30.67 μg/g. We observed a significant rise in the concentrations of the pollutants in leafy vegetables during the summer, which was also linked to the farms’ locations (P<0.05). Conclusion: The results showed that the highest amount of lead accumulation was found in leafy vegetables and that of the cadmium was at permissible levels in all produces as recommended by WHO. The risk of non-cancerous diseases was also low. Future studied are warranted to assess the risk of heavy metal toxicity in people, especially in children, the elderly and pregnant women.   http://ijt.arakmu.ac.ir/article-1-945-en.pdf 2021-04-01 73 82 10.32598/IJT.15.2.784.1 Lead Cadmium Heavy metals Health risk Fruits Vegetables Toxicity levels Reza Tajik t.rezatajik@yahoo.com 1 Department of Occupational Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran. AUTHOR https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8710-9268 Abbas Alimoradian ab_alimoradian@yahoo.com 2 Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran. AUTHOR https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1301-6135 Mohammad Jamalian mohammad.jamalian.1357@gmail.com 3 Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran. AUTHOR https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6340-6855 Mohsen Shamsi mohsen_shamsi1360@yahoo.com 4 Department of Health Education, School of Health, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran. AUTHOR https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4033-8041 Rahmatolah Moradzadeh moradzadehr@yahoo.com 5 Department of Epidemiology, School of Health, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran. AUTHOR https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4952-3454 Behnoosh Ansari Asl b.ansari1354@gmail.com 6 Deputy of Food and Drug, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran. AUTHOR https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5482-5428 Mohaddeseh Asafari m.asafari@arakmu.ac.ir 7 Deputy of Food and Drug, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran. AUTHOR https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2021-6226
OTHERS_CITABLE Pentoxifylline Protects Against Hippocampal Damage and Memory Impairment Induced by Trimethyltin Background: Trimethyltin (TMT) is a toxic agent that causes oxidative stress, a laboratory model for inducing hippocampal injuries. Pentoxifylline (PTX) inhibits phosphodiesterase, inflammation and oxidative stress. This study evaluated the neuroprotective effects of PTX on injuries induced by TMT in the hippocampus. Methods: Sixty male Wistar rats were divided into five groups of 12 each. Group 1 received normal saline while Group 2 received a single dose of TMT (8 mg/kg). The other four groups received TMT at 8 mg/kg plus 60, 100 or 120 mg/kg PTX twice daily for six consecutive days. The rats’ working and reference memory were investigated, using radial arm maze tasks. At the end of the experiments, the rats’ brains were removed and processed for histological study of the hippocampus. Results: The TMT treatment prolonged the four baited arms tasks (P<0.001), while the PTX treatment at 60, 100 or 120 mg/kg significantly reduced the effects of TMT on the spatial memory (P<0.01). The working and reference memory errors significantly increased in the TMT group compared to the controls (P<0.001) while the PTX treatment significantly reduced the TMT effect (P<0.001). Also, TMT increased the number of pyknotic cells in the hippocampus (P<0.001), while PTX significantly decreased the mean number of pyknotic cells (P<0.05). Conclusion: The findings suggest that PTX can protect against the memory deficit and deleterious effects on rat hippocampus induced by TMT neurotoxicity. Thus, PTX is likely to be a potential agent to prevent against the neurotoxicity induced by TMT.    http://ijt.arakmu.ac.ir/article-1-897-en.pdf 2021-04-01 83 90 10.32598/IJT.15.2.738.1 Hippocampus Neurotoxicity Pyknotic cells Neurodegeneration TMT Spatial memory Mohammad Hassan Sakhaie mh.sakhaie@arakmu.ac.ir 1 Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran. AUTHOR https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6549-1491 Atefeh Mohammad-Hosseini Atefe-hosseini@yahoo.com 2 Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran. AUTHOR https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9647-4435 Mehdi Sadegh 3 Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran. AUTHOR https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5791-2463 Behzad Khansari-nejad 4 Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran. AUTHOR https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8898-307X Saeid Babaei babaei@arakmu.ac.ir 5 Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran. AUTHOR https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-5404
OTHERS_CITABLE Antioxidant Effects of Pinus eldarica Extracts Against Cisplatin-induced Cytotoxicity in Human Hepatoma (HepG2) Cell Line Background: Cisplatin has cytotoxic effects through free radical generation. Reports indicate that various members of Pinaceae family may have antioxidant properties. In this study we investigated the cytoprotective effects of needle volatile oil and bark extract of Pinus eldarica in Hepatoma G2 (HepG2) cell line.  Methods: Using the maceration technique, we obtained the ethanolic extract of Pinus eldarica’s bark (BHAEPE). Folin-ciocalteu reagent was used to determine the total phenolic content of BHAEPE. The Needle’s Volatile Oil of Pinus eldarica (NVOPE) was obtained by Clevenger hydrodistillation method. The main components of NVOPE were identified by Gas Chromatography and Mass Spectrophotometry (GC-MS). We used DPPH assay to investigate the antioxidant activity of both NVOPE and BHAEPE. Also, MTT assay was performed to test the protective effects of both BHAEPE and NVOPE against cisplatin. Results: Folin-ciocalteu test demonstrated that each gram of BHAEPE was equivalent to 371±6 mg of gallic acid. Also, GC-MS identified germacrene D as the main component of NVOPE. BHAEPE had more antioxidant capacity compared to NVOPE. When incubated solely with cells, neither BHAEPE nor NVOPE represented cytotoxicity on. Furthermore, BHAEPE demonstrated mitogenic effects on higher doses (50, 75 and 100 μg/ml). However, both NVOPE and lower doses of BHAEPE (10, 20 μg/ml) could not protect the cells against cisplatin’s cytotoxicity, but higher doses of BHAEPE provided cytoprotective effects. Conclusion: The antioxidant properties of both NVOPE and lower doses of BHAEPE did not adequately protect HepG2 cells against the cisplatin’s cytotoxicity. However, BHAEPE at high concentrations demonstrated cytoprotective effects. http://ijt.arakmu.ac.ir/article-1-928-en.pdf 2021-04-01 91 98 10.32598/IJT.15.2.764.1 Pinus eldarica Cisplatin DPPH test MTT Assay HepG2 Amin Sharifan aminsharifan@gmail.com 1 Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. AUTHOR https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0571-5964 Mahmoud Etebari etebari@pharm.mui.ac.ir 2 Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Isfahan Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. AUTHOR https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2219-0602 Behzad Zolfaghari zolfaghari@pharm.mui.ac.ir 3 Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. AUTHOR https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7087-2590 Mehdi Aliomrani maliomrani@pharm.mui.ac.ir 4 Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Isfahan Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. AUTHOR https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3416-2596
OTHERS_CITABLE اثر هم افزایی نیکوتین و بوکلادسین بر روی نقص حافظه اجتنابی القا شده با سدیم آرسنات http://ijt.arakmu.ac.ir/article-1-936-fa.pdf 2021-04-01 99 108 10.32598/IJT.15.2.772.1 The Protective Effects of Nicotine and Bucladesine on Impaired Avoidance Memory Caused by Sodium Arsenate Toxicity in Mice Background: The toxic effect of sodium arsenate on nervous system has been shown; but the protective effects of several compounds against sodium arsenate are not clear. This study aimed to investigate the protective effects of nicotine and bucladesine, two positive modulators of neuronal function, on sodium arsenate toxicity against avoidance memory impairment. Methods: Male mice (N=154) were assigned to 22 groups (12 experimental and 10 control) of seven animals each and were treated as follows: sodium arsenate (2.5, 5, or 10 mg/kg) for 28 days, nicotine (1 mg/kg) for either 1, 2, or 4 days, bucladesine (600 nM/mouse) for either 1, 2, or 4 days, and nicotine (1 mg/kg)+bucladesine (600 nM/mouse)+sodium arsenate (2.5 mg/kg). The last group was treated with 2.5 mg/kg sodium arsenate first, and then received the combination of nicotine and bucladesine for 1, 2, or 4-days. The corresponding control groups did not receive any drug but either saline, deionized water, or combination of deionized water and DMSO, but went through the same procedure as other animals. All mice were trained 24 h in the step-through passive avoidance task. The avoidance memory retention was assessed at 24, 48, 96, and 168 h after the training period by measuring the time they stayed in a dark chamber. Results: All sodium arsenate doses significantly reduced the time stayed in the dark chamber regardless of the treatment duration (24, 48, 96 & 168 h) after training. Both nicotine and bucladesine, whether used singly or combined for 1, 2, and 4 days significantly enhanced the time latency compared to the controls at all of the experimental timepoints following the training.  Conclusion: Nicotine and bucladesine showed synergistic effects and reversed the sodium arsenate-induced avoidance memory deficits in mice.   http://ijt.arakmu.ac.ir/article-1-936-en.pdf 2021-04-01 99 108 10.32598/IJT.15.2.772.1 Sodium arsenate Nicotine Bucladesine Avoidance memory deficit Memory Sheyda Najafi shayda8466@yahoo.com 1 Department of Pharmaceutical Care, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. AUTHOR https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9334-6374 Mahmoud Hashemzaei mahmoodnima2000@yahoo.com 2 Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran. AUTHOR https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0838-657X Maryam Sadeghi sadeghim@yahoo.com 3 Students Research Committee, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran. AUTHOR https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8579-7527 Sajedeh Seyed Mousavi ssmusavi.ss@gmail.com 4 Students Research Committee, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran. AUTHOR https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3737-6576 Ali Bazi m.baziali@gmail.com 5 Department of Hematology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran. AUTHOR https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4872-1352 Sahar Fanoudi fanoudis921@mums.ac.ir 6 Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. AUTHOR https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1295-7569 Maryam Belaran m-belaran@alumnus.tums.ac.ir 7 Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran. AUTHOR https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0448-1265 Hanieh Rezaei haniyeh.rezaie@gmail.com 8 Students Research Committee, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran. AUTHOR https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7408-6132 Hamideh Arezoomandan arezoomanh@yahoo.com 9 Students Research Committee, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran. AUTHOR https://orcid.org/0000-0003- 1655-0202 Hadi Mirzaei 10 Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran. AUTHOR https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7761-4578 Kaveh Tabrizian k_tabrizian2005@yahoo.com 11 Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran. AUTHOR https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2252-764X
OTHERS_CITABLE Seasonal Variations of Lead and Chromium Concentrations in the Water Samples From Yamuna River in Delhi, India Background: According to Hindu mythology, Yamuna River plays an impotent role as a holy water resource in Delhi, India. The lead and chromium concentrations were determined from the water samples collected from five different locations around this river in Delhi area. The contaminated water from this river is mostly used for drinking, agriculture, aquaculture, and storage as a holy water. Methods: The seasonal variations of heavy metal concentrations in the water samples collected from Yamuna river were determined for the summer, monsoon and winter supplies, using Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) and Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS).  Results: In the summer water samples, we found greater concentrations of both heavy metals than those for the monsoon season. The concentrations of lead and chromium in the water samples were higher than the permissible limits recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO). The water quality was not safe for drinking, cleaning and agriculture, nor for the aquatic animals, such as fish, amphibians and others. Conclusion: The condition of the water in Yamuna river is of great health concerns. Therefore, it is vital to take necessary actions to decontaminate the water from this river, and to draw effective strategies to minimize or prevent the current and future contaminations added to this important water resource in India.   http://ijt.arakmu.ac.ir/article-1-933-en.pdf 2021-04-01 109 114 10.32598/IJT.15.2.769.1 Lead Chromium Yamuna River Water resources Toxicity Human and aquatic health Mahipal Singh Sankhla mahipal4n6@gmail.com 1 Department of Forensic Science, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Galgotias University, Greater Noida, UP, India. AUTHOR https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7361-3786 Rajeev Kumar rajeev4n6@gmail.co 2 Department of Forensic Science, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Galgotias University, Greater Noida, UP, India. AUTHOR https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2868-9586 Lalit Prasad lalit.prasad@galgotiasuniversity.edu.in 3 Department of Chemistry, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Galgotias University, Greater Noida, UP, India. AUTHOR https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4653-4510
OTHERS_CITABLE اثرات سیتوتوکسیک بیسفنول A ، اختلال غدد درون ریز http://ijt.arakmu.ac.ir/article-1-914-fa.pdf 2021-05-20 115 120 10.32598/IJT.15.2.753.1 Cytotoxic Effects of Bisphenol A as an Endocrine Disruptor on Human Lymphocytes Background: Endocrine compounds, such as Bisphenol A (BPA), stimulate or inhibit the activities of hormones, nuclear receptors in the central nervous system, liver and other organs. They may be disposed of in the environment inadverdently around industrial sites. The aim of this study was to evaluate the cytotoxic effects of BPA on human lymphocytes in culture at varying concentrations. Methods: 0.1 mL heparinized 0.2 mL peripheral blood taken from a healthy male and a female were plated in culture media under sterile conditions. To prepare the reference dose at a concentration of 0.05 mg/mL, 0.027g BPA was dissolved in 1 L dimethyl sulfoxide and the highest dose of 50 μg/mL BPA solution was prepared. After separating the stock solution, 50 μg/mL BPA was diluted to prepare 20, 10 or 5 μg/mL doses. Results: After 24 h of incubation, abnormal cell±Standart Error (%)[AC±SE (%)] 1.10±1.0, chromosomal aberration/cell±Standart Error (CA/cell±SE) 0.025±0.01 was determined in control group, and AC±SE (%) 2.00±0.98 in control group. After 48 h of incubation 0.98, CA/cell±SE was found to be 0.020±0.01. After 24 and 48 h of incubation, AC±SE (%) and CA/cell±SE ratios were 30.00±3.24, 34.00±3.35 and 0.325±0.03, 0.430±0.04, respectively. Conclusion: The cytotoxic effect of BPA on human lymphocytes was investigated in this study at reference concentration and lower doses. Our findings support the fact that BPA substitutes may not be sufficiently safe for widespread use as industrial chemicals.   http://ijt.arakmu.ac.ir/article-1-914-en.pdf 2021-05-20 115 120 10.32598/IJT.15.2.753.1 Bisphenol A Cytotoxicity Chromosome aberrations Endocrine disruptors Mustafa Özgür muzgur@ankara.edu.tr 1 Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Science, Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Burdur, Turkey. AUTHOR https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7801-7932 Şemsi Gül Yılmaz sgyilmaz@ankara.edu.tr 2 Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Science, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey. AUTHOR https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2825-7401 Ash Uçar aucar@ankara.edu.tr 3 Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Science, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey. AUTHOR https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0279-249X Serkan Yılmaz serkanyilmaz@ankara.edu.tr 4 Department of Midwifery, Faculty of Nursing, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey. AUTHOR https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8641-9475
OTHERS_CITABLE ارزیابی میزان باقیمانده های کادمیوم، روی و نقره در گوشت مرغ در استان اصفهان، ایران http://ijt.arakmu.ac.ir/article-1-962-fa.pdf 2021-04-01 121 126 10.32598/IJT.15.2.434.1 The Measurement of Cadmium, Zinc and Silver in Chicken Meat in Isfahan Province, Iran Background: One of the concerns of consumers of animal protein sources is the residues of heavy metals in meat. The accumulation of these elements in meat and the consumption by humans can cause acute and chronic disorders in the function of vital organs. Methods: For the estimation of cadmium, zinc and silver in the poultry meat products, 100 samples of chicken breasts, thighs, hearts and livers were collected from meat markets in Isfahan Province. The tissues were digested and passed through filter paper, and the cadmium, zinc and silver contents were measured by an atomic absorption spectrophotometer.  Results: The mean contents of cadmium in the chicken thigh, breast, liver and heart samples were 0.055±0.021, 0.048±0.023, 0.074±0.031, and 0.012±0.004 mg/kg, respectively. The mean contents of zinc in the chicken thigh, breast, liver and heart samples were 17.19±8.10, 15.70±5.75, 22.10±10.87, and 19.70±10.38 mg/kg, respectively. The concentrations of cadmium and zinc were below the international permissible limits in all samples. The mean concentrations of silver in some chicken thigh, breast, liver and heart samples were 0.0080±0.0044, 0.0048±0.0013, 0.012±0.009 and 0.0036±0.006, respectively. Of note, silver was not detected in most chicken samples. Conclusion: This study did not find cadmium, zinc and silver in the chicken meat samples above the international permissible limits. However, frequent monitoring for heavy metals in poultry meat sold in public markets is warranted to prevent their transmission to the human food chain.   http://ijt.arakmu.ac.ir/article-1-962-en.pdf 2021-04-01 121 126 10.32598/IJT.15.2.434.1 Chicken meat Cadmium Zinc Silver Toxic contaminations Majid Gholami-Ahangaran gholami.m@iaushk.ac.ir 1 Department of Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran. AUTHOR https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2725-1091 Asiye Ahmadi-Dastgerdi 2 Department of Food Science and Technology, Ardestan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ardestan, Iran. AUTHOR https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3986-1866 Shahrzad Azizi 3 Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Bahonar University, Kerman, Iran. AUTHOR https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3746-9593
OTHERS_CITABLE اثرات آفلاتوکسین G1 بر برخی از فاکتورهای بیوشیمیایی پلاسما و ویژگی های هیستوپاتولوژیکی بافت کلیه موش http://ijt.arakmu.ac.ir/article-1-951-fa.pdf 2021-04-01 127 134 10.32598/IJT.15.2.787.1 Effects of Exposure to Aflatoxin G1 on the Plasma Biochemical Factors and Histopathological Properties of Renal Tissue in Mice Background: Among aflatoxins, the subtype aflatoxin G1 is one of the most toxic, commonly found in cereals, legumes, dairy and non-alcoholic beers. Aflatoxins have been known as nephrotoxic compounds. In this study, changes in the expression of aquaporin-1, the histopathology of renal tissue and plasma biochemical factors after exposure to aflatoxin G1 were investigated in mice. Methods: Twenty-four adult male mice (weighing 20±2 g) were divided into four groups of six. The control group received the vehicle (0.2 ml) and the three experimental groups were injected intraperitoneally with aflatoxin G1 at 20 μg/kg for 7, 15 or 35 days, respectively. On days 7, 15 and 35, blood samples were drawn from the mice for biochemical analysis of plasma and the kidney tissues were sampled for real-time PCR and histopathological studies. Results: The real PCR results showed a reduction in aquaporin-1 expression in the experimental groups compared to those in the controls (P<0.05). Also, the plasma concentrations of urea and creatinine were significantly increased in the experimental groups compared to those in the controls (P<0.05). Also, the serum sodium and potassium levels had decreased significantly compared to the controls (P<0.05). Various damages were observed in the ureters and glomeruli among the experimental groups compared to those in the controls. Conclusion: Aflatoxin G1 had adverse effects on the renal tissue by reducing the expression of aquaporin-1. Subsequently, there were biochemical manifestations in the serum, consisting of changes in the concentrations of urea, creatinine, sodium and potassium, confirming the histopathological toxicity of aflatoxin G1.   http://ijt.arakmu.ac.ir/article-1-951-en.pdf 2021-04-01 127 134 10.32598/IJT.15.2.787.1 Aflatoxin G1 Toxicity Urea Creatinine Renal damage Mice Touraj Zamir-Nasta toraj.nasta@gmail.com 1 Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran. AUTHOR https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7799-0677 Arash Ahmadi ahmadi@gmail.com 2 Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University, Ahvaz, Iran. AUTHOR https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2269-4555 Moein Yazdkhasti yazdkhasti@gmail.com 3 Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran. AUTHOR https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7288-8801 Mona Pazhouhi mona.pazhouhi@gmail.com 4 Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran. AUTHOR https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7076-7539 Cyrus Jalili cjalili@yahoo.com 5 Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran. AUTHOR https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5097-7974 Kosar Rezaei Kosarrezaei@yahoo.com 6 Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran. AUTHOR https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6234-0516