Oluwafemi Adeleke Ojo, Adebola Busola Ojo , Basiru Ajiboye, Israel Olayide , Adewale Fadaka ,
Volume 10, Issue 5 (September-October 2016)
Abstract
Background: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease. Decreasing postprandial hyperglycemia by retarding glucose absorption through inhibiting carbohydrates digesting enzymes (α-amylase and α-glucosidase) is one of many approaches used for the management of this disease. This study was aimed at evaluating the normoglycaemic potential of Helianthus annuus leaf.
Methods: The effect of the in vitro inhibitory of different extracts (acetone, ethyl acetate and hexane) of the plant was assessed on the activities of diabetes-related enzymes (α-amylase and α-glucosidase).
Results: The hexane extract of H. annuus leaf displayed the best inhibitory activity against α-amylase and α-glucosidase as indicated by the IC50 values (3.92 ± 0.02 mg mL-1) and (3.29 ± 0.12 mg mL-1), respectively. Lineweaver-Burk plot of inhibition of α-amylase and α-glucosidase by this extract showed that it was competitive and non-competitive mode, respectively.
Conclusion: H. annuus leaf possesses hypoglycaemic potential which may be due to the inhibition of pancreatic α-amylase and intestinal α-glucosidase.
Lisa Ilobekemen Ekakitie, Oluwafemi Adeleke Ojo, Babatunji Emmanuel Oyinloye, Basiru Olaitan Ajiboye,
Volume 14, Issue 3 (July 2020)
Abstract
Background: Chrysobalanus orbicularis is commonly used as food, the seeds as a spice for the popular pepper soup, and the leaves are traditionally utilized for managing Type II Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) in the Niger Delta area of Nigeria. Due to the limited scientific evidence on C. orbicularis, this study investigated its antioxidant and inhibitory properties against major enzymes linked to T2DM.
Methods: The antioxidant activity was measured via methods for possible scavenging potentials. The α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities were examined using a standard model.
Results: The C. orbicularis aqueous leaf extract compared well with the standard compounds, revealing the high antioxidant and inhibitory properties against α-amylase and α- glucosidase.
Conclusion: The findings validate the conventional application of C. orbicularis in the treatment of patients with type II diabetes mellitus and other oxidative stress-related disorders.
Mr Olufemi Oluranti, Miss Praise Akin-Aborishade, Miss Atilola Olarinde, Dr Babatunde Alabi, Mrs Esther Ojo-Ayangoke, Miss Timilehin Mayowa, Miss Marvelous Paseda, Mr Ayomide Lawal, Miss Ibukun Dahunsi,
Volume 17, Issue 4 (October 2023)
Abstract
Background: Environmental pollutants, such as plastic-derived substances Bisphenol-A and Di-butyl phthalate have been linked to an increase in the occurrence of human health hazards, including dysmetabolic syndrome, i.e., insulin resistance, and organ toxicity. In this syndrome, concurrent risk factors can give rise to cardiovascular disease, stroke, and type 2 diabetes. This study aimed to investigate the toxic effects of certain plastic compounds against kidneys and liver, and the potential protective role of rutin in rat. Rutin is a natural anti-inflammatory supplement that improves blood circulation and metabolic functions, lowers cholesterol and reduce arthritis pain.
Methods: Eighteen rats were divided randomly into three groups of six each and were treated for 28 days as follows: 1) Control (0.1% DMSO); 2) Bisphenol-A and Dibutyl phthalate, and 3) Bisphenol-A, Dibutyl phthalate and rutin. At the completion of the experimental period, the rats’ hepatic and renal toxicity biomarkers, redox status and lipid profile were measured.
Results: Based the experimental findings, the toxicity of plastic substances increased in gamma-glutamyl transferase, urea, renal MDA and significant reductions in SOD and CAT activities, compared to those of the controls. The total plasma cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels increased. The hepatic total cholesterol, LDL, FFA, TG levels increased. The HDL decreased while the total cholesterol, TG and LDL levels increased in the kidney. However, these biochemical alterations improved significantly by administering rutin supplement to the rats that were pretreated with the plastic compounds.
Conclusions: Flavonoid, rutin, demonstrated hepato-renal protective effect against the toxic effects of plastic compounds.
