Showing 7 results for Biomarker
Katayoon Karimzadeh,
Volume 10, Issue 3 (2-2016)
Abstract
Background: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a predominant group of contaminants that have been shown to accumulate and persist in marine organisms. We evaluated the dose-dependent induction of the cytochrome P4501A (CYP1A) system in the Sturgeon fish, Huso huso after after exposure to PAHs, beta-naphthoflavone (BNF) and 3- methylcholantheren.
Methods: The fish were treated by i.p. injections of beta–naphthoflavone and 3- methylcholantheren dissolved in corn oil at three doses 35, 70 and 105 mg/kg wet-body weight respectively for 72 h every day. Similarly, the control fish received injections of only corn oil. Microsomal fraction was prepared and ethoxy resorufin-O-deethylase activity (EROD) was measured in the fish liver. Cytochrome P4501A1 (CYP1A1) content was estimated by ELISA based on monoclonal anti-cod P4501A1.
Results: Beta-naphthoflovone and 3-methylcholantheren treated-fish developed 15-32 fold increase in Ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase activity in liver microsomes. The results of ELISA showed higher levels of cytochrome P4501A content in treated fish as compared to controls.
Conclusion: A parallel increase of the CYP1A immunochemically assay and an increase in EROD activity could be recorded for beta –naphthoflavone and 3- methylcholantheren in injected fish. Dose-response relationships on the induction of EROD and CYP1A immunodetectable protein were recorded. Therefore, EROD activity and CYP1A content can be used as a biomarker of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.
Javeria Wakeel, Nazia Ehsan, Rana Waseem Akhtar, Syed Aftab Hussain Shah,
Volume 14, Issue 1 (1-2020)
Abstract
Background: Cadmium is known as a unique heavy metal compared to others, due to its long half-life, low discharge from the body, toxicity at low concentrations and accumulation in tissues.
Methods: The effects of chronic and acute Cadmium (Cd) exposure were investigated on the morphology and histopathology of 24 field rats (Millardia meltada). The rats were divided into two groups of 12 each, then sub-divided into: one control and two treatment sub-groups with Cd in the feed or water. The treatment subgroups received either 15mg/kg (low) or 30mg/kg (high) Cd concentration in the feed.
Results: Hemorrhagic spots and fibrosis were observed in the liver of Cd treated rats compared to the controls. Also, necrosis, dilation, and calcinosis occurred in the renal tubules of the treatment groups compared to the controls. The levels of hemoglobin, red and white blood cells, hematocrit, and mean corpuscular hemoglobin were reduced, while mean corpuscular volume and hemoglobin concentrations were increased.
Conclusion: This study reports the morphological, pathological and hematological abnormalities in the blood, liver and kidneys of rats due to Cd toxicity, which may be considered as the biomarkers of cadmium toxicity in other experimental mammals.
Abba Aji Manu, Bello Muhammad Musa, Martha Orendu Oche Attah, Helga Ishaya Bedan,
Volume 16, Issue 1 (1-2022)
Abstract
Background: The therapeutic value of Syzygium cumini (S. cumini) has been documented in traditional medicine for the treatment of many diseases and ailments. Various preparations of this plant have been made and used especially for liver inflammatory conditions in livestock. Further, many liver diseases in humans are inflammatory conditions, which are caused by alcohol intake. This study sought to examine the effect of S. cumini on ethanol-induced hepatotoxicity in Wistar albino rats.
Methods: Twenty-five rats were divided into five groups of five rats each. The first group was control and the other four were administered ethanol at varying doses to induce liver and kidney damages. Two doses of the S. cumini extract were administered at a concentration of 200 mg/kg or 400 mg/kg. Silymarin was administered to the last group at 10 mg/kg. The liver and kidney tissue samples were collected and preserved for histological analyses and the rat sera were analyzed for the associated biochemical biomarkers.
Results: Histopathological analyses revealed pyknotic nuclei and distortion in the arrangement of the hepatocytes in extract-treated groups. The kidney tissue samples showed signs of interstitial bleeding and aggregation of lymphocytes in the peri-glomerular areas. The analyses of the biochemical parameters revealed that there were significant increases in the aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), Urea and creatinine in the sera of the groups treated with the extract compared to those of the controls (P<0.05).
Conclusion: The S. cumini extract caused elevation of serum hepatic and renal biomarkers at 400 mg/kg and did not have a hepatoprotective effect.
Hagar Farid Elbakry, Hoda Abdel Rahman Abdel Salam, Sherein Saeid Abdelgayed, Doha A. Mohamed,
Volume 16, Issue 1 (1-2022)
Abstract
Background: Methotrexate (MTX) is an anti-metabolite drug used in the treatment of many cancers and autoimmune diseases.
Methods: This study investigated the protective effect of flaxseed oil, sesame seed oil, and their mixture on the MTX-induced hepatorenal toxicity. Thirty rats divided into five groups of: normal control, MTX control, and flaxseed oil, sesame seed oil, and the mixture groups. The oils were administered to rats orally (2 ml/kg) for nine consecutive days followed by a methotrexate injection intraperitoneally (20 mg/kg) on the 9th day. Blood samples, liver and kidney tissues were collected from all rats for biochemical studies and histopathological assessments. The total phenolic content and fatty acid profiles of the oils were also determined.
Results: Methotrexate induced hepatorenal toxicity as evident by the histopathological assessments of liver and kidneys, elevation of liver and kidney functions’ biomarkers, and increased plasma and liver oxidative stress associated with a rise in the tumor necrosis factor-alpha, as an inflammatory marker. Administration of flaxseed oil, sesame seed oil or the mixture prevented the MTX-toxicity at varying degrees as shown by reduced oxidative stress and inflammatory response, and improved liver and kidney functions. The mixture was the most efficient treatment associated with the histopathological improvements in the liver and kidney tissue samples, and all biochemical parameters tested.
Conclusion: Flaxseed oil, sesame seeds oil and the mixture may be used therapeutically to prevent hepatorenal toxicity induced by MTX. The effect is likely due to the presence of phenolic compounds and polyunsaturated fatty acids in the oils with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.
Fitriani W. Alani, Yuliayusrini Djabir, M. Aryadi Arsyad,
Volume 17, Issue 2 (5-2023)
Abstract
Background: Isoproterenol, a β-adrenergic agonist, may induce myocardial infarction when used in high dosage in rats. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of the ethanol extract of Kleinhovia hospita leaves on cardiac biomarkers and myocardial structures of rats induced by isoproterenol.
Methods: Male rats (n=30) were assigned as a normal controls or treatment groups. The treatment groups received pretreatments, either placebo or the extract at doses of 250, 500, or 750 mg/kg for 14 days, followed by two isoproterenol injections at 100 mg/kg. After 24 hours, blood samples were taken and the hearts dissected. The tested cardiac biomarkers were creatinine kinase myocardial band (CKMB) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). Heart histopathology analysis was performed followed by staining of samples with hematoxylin and eosin.
Results: The isoproterenol injections significantly increased CKMB and LDH levels in the placebo group compared to those in normal controls. Pretreatment with the extract at doses of 500 and 750 mg/kg significantly reduced the serum CKMB and LDH levels compared to those of the placebo. The histopathological examinations showed the presence of diffused necrosis and severe inflammation in the placebo group. Pretreatment with the extract at 500 or 750 mg/kg significantly reduced the myocardial tissue damages in rats.
Conclusion: The K. hospita extract at doses of 500 or 750 mg/kg significantly reduced the infarctions in the rats’ heart tissue, shown by significantly low levels of CKMB and LDH, and reduced necrotic lesions and inflammation in the rat heart tissue samples induced by isoproterenol pretreatment.
Dr. Earnest Oghenesuvwe Erhirhie, Pharm. Jennifer Nneoma Okafor, Pharm. Maureen Chinaecherem Nwafor, Pharm. Chukwuebuka Ozioma Ajaegbo, Prof. Theophine C. Akunne,
Volume 17, Issue 3 (7-2023)
Abstract
Background: There is a rising trend in the use of herbal stem cell remedies among the populace due to the belief that such remedies have all-encompassing health benefits, and without side effects. However, there is little or no scientific data reported on their safety profile. This study addressed the toxicological effects of STC-30, one of the popular polyherbal stem cell remedies used in several countries of the world including Nigeria, Ghana, Australia, among others.
Methods: The acute toxicity test was carried out using Up and Down Procedure. For the sub-acute toxicity test, a total of 28 animals were used in four groups of seven each. The groups consisted of control, low dose (77.5 mg/kg), medium dose (155 mg/kg) and high dose (310 mg/kg). At the end of administration for 30-days, animals were sacrificed, and blood, kidneys and liver tissue samples were collected for hematological, biochemical and histopathological analyses.
Results: Acute toxicity test revealed no obvious toxicity or death at 5000 mg/kg. There was no significant alteration (P>0.05) in body weight gain, feed and water intakes, relative organ weights, urea, sodium, potassium, chloride, total protein and albumin, malondialdehyde (MDA), and white blood cells. However, significant reductions (P<0.05) were noted in creatinine and aspartate aminotransferase (AST), hematocrit, hemoglobin, red blood cell and mean corpuscular hemoglobin only at high dose (doubled therapeutic dose) compared to the controls. There were no abnormal changes in liver, kidney and heart histology.
Conclusion: Administration of STC-30 at the recommended dosage did not exert deleterious effects, but doubled therapeutic doses may be harmful to the red blood cells.
Dr. Gabriel Otu Ujong, Dr. Justin Atiang Beshel, Dr. Idara Asuquo Okon, Dr. Clement Ikani Ejim, Dr. Benedict Idam,
Volume 18, Issue 4 (11-2024)
Abstract
Background: A major side effect of some cancer drugs, including Doxorubicin, is cardiotoxicity. This study was designed to evaluate the cardioprotective role of ethanolic leaf extract of Gongronema latifolium (GL) compared to Lisinopril in doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity in rats.
Methods: Forty Wistar rats of both sexes (150-200 g) were divided into 5 groups (n=8 each). Group 1 (control) took normal rat chow; Group 2 received 25 mg/kg Doxorubicin; Group 3 received Doxorubicin + GL (200 mg/kg orally); Group 4 received Doxorubicin + Lisinopril (10 mg/kg orally); and Group 5 received Doxorubicin + Lisinopril + GL. The regiment lasted for 28 days. Blood samples were collected from each animal via cardiac puncture for biochemical assays.
Results: The results of the study showed a significant decrease in superoxide dismutase (SOD) concentration in the doxorubicin group as compared to the control group. Intervention with GL and Lisilopril caused a significant increase in SOD concentration. Total antioxidant capacity, catalase, SOD, and angiotensin-II levels were significantly decreased with a corresponding increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) in the Doxorubicin group. Treatment with GL and Lisinopril significantly reversed these changes by increasing the levels of TAC, SOD, CAT, and angiotensin-2 to normal while lowering the MDA levels to normal. Cardiac biomarkers, namely troponin and creatine kinase levels, were significantly increased in the doxorubicin group as compared to the normal control. However, the coadministration of GL and Lisinopril decreased the troponin and creatine kinase concentrations to normal levels.
Conclusions: Gongronema Latifolium and Lisinopril provided better cardioprotective and antioxidant effects versus other agents against cardiotoxicity induced by Doxorubicin.
