Enter your email address
Submit
Write your message
Volume 18, Issue 1 (January 2024)
IJT 2024, 18(1): 21-28 |
Back to browse issues page
Ethics code: All animal experiments were approved by the ethical committee of FSBSI ESIMER (identification code,
Download citation:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
Vokina V, Sosedova L, Yakimova N, Kapustina E. Exposure of Parental Rats to Mercury Chloride during Progenesis Affects the CNS Parameters of the Adult Offspring. IJT 2024; 18 (1) :21-28
URL: http://ijt.arakmu.ac.ir/article-1-1282-en.html
URL: http://ijt.arakmu.ac.ir/article-1-1282-en.html
1- Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution, East-Siberian Institute of Medical and Ecological Research, 12A Microdistrict 3, Angarsk, Russian Federation , vokina.vera@gmail.com
2- Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution, East-Siberian Institute of Medical and Ecological Research, 12A Microdistrict 3, Angarsk, Russian Federation
2- Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution, East-Siberian Institute of Medical and Ecological Research, 12A Microdistrict 3, Angarsk, Russian Federation
Abstract: (167 Views)
Background: The consequences of exposure to mercury and its compounds on the reproductive potential and health of offspring are a pressing problem for the global scientific community. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of mercury chloride toxicity in the parent rats on the postnatal development, behavior, and neuromuscular conductivity of their adult offspring.
Methods: The experiments were conducted in parental Wistar rats of both sexes, which were subcutaneously injected daily with mercury chloride solution (HgCl2) at a rate of 0.5 mg/kg before mating for 6 weeks. We assessed the postnatal mortality, body weight, surface righting reflex and motor activity of the newborn offspring. The examination of the adult offspring included open field, resident-intruder and rotarod tests, development of the food-procuring reflex, and electro-neuromyography examinations.
Results: The study results showed that exposure to HgCl2 in parental rats of both sexes before mating resulted in low motor activities and failure of impulse conduction in the neuromuscular apparatus of the hind limbs in the offspring. In addition, maternal exposure to HgCl2 before mating led to failure of the cognitive abilities in the adult offspring while the paternal exposure led to a decline in the offspring’s aggressiveness.
Conclusion: The study results supported the need for further investigation on the long-term effects of mercury toxicity on the rats’ generations, and the mechanism of transmission of the "chemical load" from generation to generation.
Methods: The experiments were conducted in parental Wistar rats of both sexes, which were subcutaneously injected daily with mercury chloride solution (HgCl2) at a rate of 0.5 mg/kg before mating for 6 weeks. We assessed the postnatal mortality, body weight, surface righting reflex and motor activity of the newborn offspring. The examination of the adult offspring included open field, resident-intruder and rotarod tests, development of the food-procuring reflex, and electro-neuromyography examinations.
Results: The study results showed that exposure to HgCl2 in parental rats of both sexes before mating resulted in low motor activities and failure of impulse conduction in the neuromuscular apparatus of the hind limbs in the offspring. In addition, maternal exposure to HgCl2 before mating led to failure of the cognitive abilities in the adult offspring while the paternal exposure led to a decline in the offspring’s aggressiveness.
Conclusion: The study results supported the need for further investigation on the long-term effects of mercury toxicity on the rats’ generations, and the mechanism of transmission of the "chemical load" from generation to generation.
References
1. Kumar V, Umesh M, Shanmugam MK, Chakraborty P, Duhan L, Gummadi SN, et al. A Retrospection on Mercury Contamination, Bioaccumulation, and Toxicity in Diverse Environments: Current Insights and Future Prospects. Sustainability. 2023;15(18). [DOI:10.3390/su151813292]
2. Arefieva A, Barigina V, Zatsepina O. The present-day ideas about impact of mercuric compounds at cell and system levels. Ekologiia Cheloveka. 2010(8):35.
3. Bezgodov I, Laptev I, Rogaleva V, Efimova N, Andreeva O. Mercury danger assessment at the enterprises of chemical industry in Irkutsk region. Bull VSNC SO RAMN. 2005;40:70-4.
4. Efimova NV, Koval PV, Rukavishnikov VS, Bezgodov IV. Problems associated with mercury pollution of environmental objects. Acta Biomedica Scientifica. 2005;1(39):127-33.
5. Anwar WA, Gabal MS. Cytogenetic study in workers occupationally exposed to mercury fulminate. Mutagenesis. 1991;6(3):189-92. [DOI:10.1093/mutage/6.3.189] [PMID]
6. Lamperti AA, Printz RH. Localization, accumulation, and toxic effects of mercuric chloride on the reproductive axis of the female hamster. Biol Reprod. 1974;11(2):180-6. [DOI:10.1095/biolreprod11.2.180] [PMID]
7. Schurz F, Sabater-Vilar M, Fink-Gremmels J. Mutagenicity of mercury chloride and mechanisms of cellular defence: the role of metal-binding proteins. Mutagenesis. 2000;15(6):525-30. [DOI:10.1093/mutage/15.6.525] [PMID]
8. Bonacker D, Stoiber T, Wang M, Bohm KJ, Prots I, Unger E, et al. Genotoxicity of inorganic mercury salts based on disturbed microtubule function. Arch Toxicol. 2004;78(10):575-83. [DOI:10.1007/s00204-004-0578-8] [PMID]
9. Zasukhina GD, Vasilyeva IM, Sdirkova NI, Krasovsky GN, Vasyukovich L, Kenesariev UI, et al. Mutagenic effect of thallium and mercury salts on rodent cells with different repair activities. Mutat Res. 1983;124(2):163-73. [DOI:10.1016/0165-1218(83)90176-3] [PMID]
10. Schuurs AH. Reproductive toxicity of occupational mercury. A review of the literature. J Dent. 1999;27(4):249-56. [DOI:10.1016/S0300-5712(97)00039-0] [PMID]
11. Lamperti AA, Printz RH. Effects of mercuric chloride on the reproductive cycle of the female hamster. Biol Reprod. 1973;8(3):378-87. [DOI:10.1093/biolreprod/8.3.378] [PMID]
12. Koli S, Prakash A, Choudhury S, Mandil R, Garg SK. Calcium Channels, Rho-Kinase, Protein Kinase-C, and Phospholipase-C Pathways Mediate Mercury Chloride-Induced Myometrial Contractions in Rats. Biol Trace Elem Res. 2019;187(2):418-24. [DOI:10.1007/s12011-018-1379-x] [PMID]
13. Merlo E, Schereider IRG, Simoes MR, Vassallo DV, Graceli JB. Mercury leads to features of polycystic ovary syndrome in rats. Toxicol Lett. 2019;312:45-54. [DOI:10.1016/j.toxlet.2019.05.006] [PMID]
14. Martinez CS, Escobar AG, Torres JG, Brum DS, Santos FW, Alonso MJ, et al. Chronic exposure to low doses of mercury impairs sperm quality and induces oxidative stress in rats. J Toxicol Environ Health A. 2014;77(1-3):143-54. [DOI:10.1080/15287394.2014.867202] [PMID]
15. Adelakun SA, Ukwenya VO, Akingbade GT, Omotoso OD, Aniah JA. Interventions of aqueous extract of Solanum melongena fruits (garden eggs) on mercury chloride induced testicular toxicity in adult male Wistar rats. Biomed J. 2020;43(2):174-82. [DOI:10.1016/j.bj.2019.07.004] [PMID] []
16. Almeer RS, Albasher G, Kassab RB, Ibrahim SR, Alotibi F, Alarifi S, et al. Ziziphus spina-christi leaf extract attenuates mercury chloride-induced testicular dysfunction in rats. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2020;27(3):3401-12. [DOI:10.1007/s11356-019-07237-w] [PMID]
17. Kalender S, Uzun FG, Demir F, Uzunhisarcikli M, Aslanturk A. Mercuric chloride-induced testicular toxicity in rats and the protective role of sodium selenite and vitamin E. Food Chem Toxicol. 2013;55:456-62. [DOI:10.1016/j.fct.2013.01.024] [PMID]
18. Wong EW, Cheng CY. Impacts of environmental toxicants on male reproductive dysfunction. Trends Pharmacol Sci. 2011;32(5):290-9. [DOI:10.1016/j.tips.2011.01.001] [PMID] []
19. Pino-Lopez M, Romero-Ayuso DM. [Parental occupational exposures and autism spectrum disorder in children]. Rev Esp Salud Publica. 2013;87(1):73-85. [DOI:10.4321/S1135-57272013000100008] [PMID]
20. Desrosiers TA, Herring AH, Shapira SK, Hooiveld M, Luben TJ, Herdt-Losavio ML, et al. Paternal occupation and birth defects: findings from the National Birth Defects Prevention Study. Occup Environ Med. 2012;69(8):534-42. [DOI:10.1136/oemed-2011-100372] [PMID] []
21. Khera KS. Reproductive capability of male rats and mice treated with methyl mercury. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 1973;24(2):167-77. [DOI:10.1016/0041-008X(73)90136-1] [PMID]
22. Burbacher TM, Mohamed MK, Mottett NK. Methylmercury effects on reproduction and offspring size at birth. Reprod Toxicol. 1987;1(4):267-78. [DOI:10.1016/0890-6238(87)90018-9] [PMID]
23. Huang CF, Liu SH, Hsu CJ, Lin-Shiau SY. Neurotoxicological effects of low-dose methylmercury and mercuric chloride in developing offspring mice. Toxicol Lett. 2011;201(3):196-204. [DOI:10.1016/j.toxlet.2010.12.016] [PMID]
24. Szasz A, Barna B, Gajda Z, Galbacs G, Kirsch-Volders M, Szente M. Effects of continuous low-dose exposure to organic and inorganic mercury during development on epileptogenicity in rats. Neurotoxicology. 2002;23(2):197-206. [DOI:10.1016/S0161-813X(02)00022-0] [PMID]
Send email to the article author
| Rights and permissions | |
 |
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |
The Iranian Journal of Toxicology
Arak University of Medical Sciences in collaboration with the Iranian Society of Toxicology
Website: http://ijt.arakmu.ac.ir
Email: tox.journal@gmail.com
