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Volume 20, Issue 1 (January 2026)
IJT 2026, 20(1): 53-64 |
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Ethics code: 45/DGLPAG/DVA.SDA.14
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Abdellaoui M, Kadi A, Mellouk F Z, Kadi Y, Messarah M. Evaluation of the Subchronic Toxicity of Graviola (Annona muricata) Leaves and a Mixture of β-Glucan (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and Arabinogalactan (Larch) on Male Swiss Albino Mice. IJT 2026; 20 (1) :53-64
URL: http://ijt.arakmu.ac.ir/article-1-1530-en.html
URL: http://ijt.arakmu.ac.ir/article-1-1530-en.html
1- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Environmental Toxicology. Université Badji Mokhtar, Annaba, Algeria. , said_moha20012001@yahoo.fr
2- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Environmental Toxicology. Université Badji Mokhtar, Annaba, Algeria.
3- Environmental Research Center, Annaba,Algeria.
4- Laboratory of Anatomopathology, The Public Hospital Establishment, EPH Skikda, Algeria.
5- Laboratory of biochemistry and environnemental toxicology. Université Badji Mokhtar, Annaba, Algeria.
2- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Environmental Toxicology. Université Badji Mokhtar, Annaba, Algeria.
3- Environmental Research Center, Annaba,Algeria.
4- Laboratory of Anatomopathology, The Public Hospital Establishment, EPH Skikda, Algeria.
5- Laboratory of biochemistry and environnemental toxicology. Université Badji Mokhtar, Annaba, Algeria.
Abstract: (144 Views)
Background: The present study aims to assess the subchronic toxicity of Graviola leaf powder (Annona muricata) and a combination of natural immunostimulants—β-glucan and arabinogalactan—in male Swiss albino mice. The study focuses on evaluating the potential adverse effects of these substances over an extended period, providing critical insights into their safety profiles for potential therapeutic applications.
Methods: Eighteen mice were divided into three groups: a control group and two experimental groups that received Graviola powder or a mixture of immunostimulants for 13 weeks. The reproductive toxicity study involved 36 mice, divided into male and female groups.
Results: The study shows no significant variation in body weight or major changes in blood counts, except for increased lymphocytes, red blood cells, and monocytes in the Graviola group. Graviola decreased triglycerides and cholesterol, while the immunostimulants affected cholesterol levels. No significant changes were observed in transaminases or oxidative stress parameters. Graviola reduced the pregnancy rate and litter size; however, the immunostimulants showed no effects. Histological analyses revealed healthy tissues in the liver, brain, and uterus. Graviola extract at a dose of 212 mg/kg did not cause major toxic effects, except for reduced fertility. Administration of β-glucan and arabinogalactan at 256 mg/kg showed no toxicity.
Conclusion: These findings suggest that while Graviola may have mild reproductive toxicity, the tested immunostimulants appear safe and well-tolerated under subchronic conditions. Further studies are recommended to confirm long-term safety and clarify mechanisms of action.
Methods: Eighteen mice were divided into three groups: a control group and two experimental groups that received Graviola powder or a mixture of immunostimulants for 13 weeks. The reproductive toxicity study involved 36 mice, divided into male and female groups.
Results: The study shows no significant variation in body weight or major changes in blood counts, except for increased lymphocytes, red blood cells, and monocytes in the Graviola group. Graviola decreased triglycerides and cholesterol, while the immunostimulants affected cholesterol levels. No significant changes were observed in transaminases or oxidative stress parameters. Graviola reduced the pregnancy rate and litter size; however, the immunostimulants showed no effects. Histological analyses revealed healthy tissues in the liver, brain, and uterus. Graviola extract at a dose of 212 mg/kg did not cause major toxic effects, except for reduced fertility. Administration of β-glucan and arabinogalactan at 256 mg/kg showed no toxicity.
Conclusion: These findings suggest that while Graviola may have mild reproductive toxicity, the tested immunostimulants appear safe and well-tolerated under subchronic conditions. Further studies are recommended to confirm long-term safety and clarify mechanisms of action.
Keywords: Annona muricata, Arabinogalactan, β-glucan, Reproductive toxicity, Subchronic toxicity, Swiss albino mice
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The Iranian Journal of Toxicology
Arak University of Medical Sciences in collaboration with the Iranian Society of Toxicology
Website: http://ijt.arakmu.ac.ir
Email: tox.journal@gmail.com
