Enter your email address
Submit
Write your message
Volume 11, Issue 3 (May-June 2017)
IJT 2017, 11(3): 11-18 |
Back to browse issues page
Download citation:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
Jalali S M, Najafzadeh H, Mousavi S M. Comparative Effect of Silymarin and D-Penicillamine on Lead Induced Hemotoxicity and Oxidative Stress in Rat. IJT 2017; 11 (3) :11-18
URL: http://ijt.arakmu.ac.ir/article-1-560-en.html
URL: http://ijt.arakmu.ac.ir/article-1-560-en.html
1- Department of Clinical Sciences, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran. , mi.jalali@scu.ac.ir
2- Department of Basic Sciences, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran.
3- Doctor of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran.
2- Department of Basic Sciences, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran.
3- Doctor of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran.
Abstract: (5844 Views)
Background: This study was performed to investigate the adverse effects of acute lead intoxication on hemogram, erythrocyte osmotic fragility and oxidant/antioxidant status and the probable ameliorating effect of silymarin in comparison to d-penicillamine.
Methods: Forty-eight albino rats were divided in 8 groups and received the following treatments in a 10 day experiment in Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, southwest Iran in 2015. Group 1: Normal saline as control; Group 2: 25 mg/kg lead acetate, intraperitoneally (IP) for the last 5 days; Group 3: 100 mg/kg D-penicillamine, IP for the last 5 days; Group 4: 200 mg/kg silymarin, orally for 10 days; Group 5, 6, 7 and 8: In addition to lead, they received D-penicillamine, for the last 5 days, silymarin for 10 days, a combination of silymarin for 10 days and D-penicillamine for the last 5 days, and silymarin for the last 5 days, respectively.
Results: Lead exposure induced a significant microcytic anemia accompanied by a significant elevation in total leukocyte, lymphocyte and neutrophil counts. Erythrocyte superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathion peroxidase (Gpx) activities were significantly increased along with a significant elevation of malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration in lead treated rats. Activities of SOD and Gpx were significantly alleviated by silymarin administration for 10 days while both D-penicillamine and silymarin could significantly reduce MDA concentration.
Conclusion: Acute lead exposure induced significant leukocytosis and anemia that was associated with increased activity of erythrocyte antioxidant enzymes and lipid peroxidation. Silymarin in contrast to D-penicillamine treatment was more effective in preventing lead-induced oxidative stress in erythrocytes.
References
1. Flora SJS, Flora G, Saxena G. Environmental occurrence, health effects and management of lead poisoning. In: Jose SC, Jose S, editors. Lead. Amsterdam: Elsevier; 2006. P. 158-228. [DOI:10.1016/B978-044452945-9/50004-X]
2. Cao Y, Skaug MA, Andersen O, Aaseth J. Chelation therapy in intoxications with mercury, lead and copper. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2015; 31: 188-92. [DOI:10.1016/j.jtemb.2014.04.010]
3. Matović V, Buha A, Ðukić-Ćosić D, Bulat Z. Insight into the oxidative stress induced by lead and/or cadmium in blood, liver and kidneys. Food Chem Toxicol 2015; 78: 130-40. [DOI:10.1016/j.fct.2015.02.011]
4. Flora G, Gupta D, Tiwari A. Toxicity of lead: a review with recent updates. Interdiscip Toxicol 2012; 5: 47-58. [DOI:10.2478/v10102-012-0009-2]
5. Rendon-Ramirez A, Cerbon-Solorzano J, Maldonado-Vega M, Quintanar-Escorza MA, Calderon-Salinas JV. Vitamin-E reduces the oxidative damage on d-aminolevulinic dehydratase induced by lead intoxication in rat erythrocytes. Toxicol in Vitro 2007; 21: 1121–6. [DOI:10.1016/j.tiv.2007.04.019]
6. Aaseth J, Skaug MA, Cao Y, Andersen O. Chelation in metal intoxication - principles and paradigms. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2015; 31: 260-6. [DOI:10.1016/j.jtemb.2014.10.001]
7. González-Ramírez D, Zu-iga-Charles M, Narro-Juárez A. Mobilization of lead in patients with chronic poisoning by that metal. Oral penicillamine. Arch Invest Med 1990; 21: 279-83.
8. Shalan MG, Mostafa MS, Hassouna MM, El-Nabi SEH, El-Refaie A. Amelioration of lead toxicity on rat liver with Vitamin C and silymarin supplements.Toxicol 2005; 206: 1-5. [DOI:10.1016/j.tox.2004.07.006]
9. Soto CP, Perez BL, Favari LP, Reyes JL. Prevention of alloxan-induced diabetes millitus in the rat by silymarin. CompBiochemPhysiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 1998; 119: 125–9.
10. Hagymasi K, Kocsis I, Lugasi A, Fesher J, Blazovics A.Extrahepatic biliary obstruction: can silymarin protect liver function? Phytother Res 2002;16:78–80. [DOI:10.1002/ptr.786]
11. Valenzuela A, Garrido A. Biochemical bases of the pharmacological action of the flavonoid silymarin and of its structural isomer silibinin. Biol Res 2002;27:105-12.
12. Kren V, Walterova D. Silybin and silymarin-new effects and applications. Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub 2005; 149: 29-41. [DOI:10.5507/bp.2005.002]
13. Matsuda T, Ferreri K, Todorov I, Kuroda Y, Smith CV, Kandeel F, et al. Silymarin protects pancreatic β-cells against cytokine-mediated toxicity: implication of c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase and janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription pathways. Endocrinology 2005;146(1):175-85. [DOI:10.1210/en.2004-0850]
14. Abdou HM, Hassan MA. Protective role of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid against lead acetate-induced toxicity in liver and kidney of female rats. BioMed Res Int 2014; 2014: 4357-8.
15. Siatkowski RM, Yanovitch TL, Ash JD. The effects of D-penicillamine on a murine model of oxygen-induced retinopathy.J AAPOS 2011; 15: 370–3. [DOI:10.1016/j.jaapos.2011.04.005]
16. Freitag AF, Cardia GF, Da Rocha BA, Aguiar RP, Silva-Comar FM, Spironello RA, et al. Hepatoprotective effect of silymarin (Silybum marianum) on hepatotoxicity induced by acetaminophen in spontaneously hypertensive rats. J Evidence-Based Complementary Altern Med 2015; 538317-8.
17. Meyer DJ, Harvey JW. Veterinary laboratory medicine, third ed. London: Saunders; 2004.
18. Jain NC. Hematologic techniques. In: Jain NC, editor. Schalm's Veterinary Hematology, fourth ed. Philadelphia: Lea &Febiger; 1986. P. 20–86.
19. Placer ZA, Cushman LL, Johnson BC. Estimation of product of lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde) in biochemical systems. Anal. Biochem 1966; 16: 359–64. [DOI:10.1016/0003-2697(66)90167-9]
20. Sharma R, Panwar K, Mogra S. Effects of prenatal and neonatal exposure to lead on white blood cells in Swiss mice. J Cell MolBiol 2012;10:33-40.
21. Nikolić R, Krstić N, Jovanović J, Kocić G, Cvetković TP, Radosavljević-Stevanović N. Monitoring the toxic effects of Pb, Cd and Cu on hematological parameters of Wistar rats and potential protective role of lipoic acid and glutathione. Toxicol Ind Health 2015;31:239-46. [DOI:10.1177/0748233712469652]
22. Kuo HW, Hsiao TY, Lai JS. Immunological effects of long-term lead exposure among Taiwanese workers. Arch Toxicol 2001; 75(10): 569-73. [DOI:10.1007/s002040100275]
23. Khan SY, Arshad M, Arshad N, Shafaat S, Tahir HM. A probable role of blood lead levels on some haematological parameters in traffic police, Lahore, Pakistan. Toxicol Ind Health 2016; 32: 795-800. [DOI:10.1177/0748233713511510]
24. Colturato CP, Constantin RP, Maeda AS, Constantin RP, Yamamoto NS, Bracht A, et al. Metabolic effects of silibinin in the rat liver. Chem Biol Interact 2012;195:119-32. [DOI:10.1016/j.cbi.2011.11.006]
25. Sakai T. Biomarkers of lead exposure. Ind Health 2000; 38: 127–42. [DOI:10.2486/indhealth.38.127]
26. Wang Q, Zhao HH, Chen JW,Hao QL, Gu KD, Zhu YX, et al. δ-Aminolevulinic acid dehydratase activity, urinary δ-aminolevulinic acid concentration and zinc protoporphyrin level among people with low level of lead exposure. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2010; 213: 52-8. [DOI:10.1016/j.ijheh.2009.08.003]
27. Toklu HZ, Tunali Akbay T, Velioglu-Ogunc A, Ercan F, Gedik N, Keyer-Uysal M, et al. Silymarin, the antioxidant component of Silybum marianum, prevents sepsis-induced acute lung and brain injury. J Surg Res 2008; 145: 214-22. [DOI:10.1016/j.jss.2007.03.072]
28. Shaker E, Mahmoud H, Mnaa S. Silymarin, the antioxidant component and Silybum marianum extracts prevent liver damage. Food Chem Toxicol 2010; 48: 803-6. [DOI:10.1016/j.fct.2009.12.011]
29. Karai I, Fukumoto K, Horiguchi S. The effect of lead on intracellular water content of human red blood cells 1 An experiment in vitro (in Japanese). Jpn J Ind Health 1891; 23: 305-7.
30. Karai I, Fukumoto K, Horiguchi SI. Relationships between osmotic fragility of red blood cells and various hematologic data in workers exposed to lead. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 1982;50: 17-24. [DOI:10.1007/BF00432490]
31. Tandon SK, Singh S, Prasad S, Srivastava S, Siddiqui MK. Reversal of lead-induced oxidative stress by chelating agent, antioxidant, or their combination in the rat. Environ Res 2002; 90: 61–6. [DOI:10.1006/enrs.2002.4386]
32. Ahamed M, Verma S, Kumar A, Siddiqui MK. Environmental exposure to lead and its correlation with biochemical indices in children. Sci Total Environ 2005; 346: 48–55. [DOI:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2004.12.019]
33. Omobowale TO, Oyagbemi AA, Akinrinde AS, Saba AB, Daramola OT, Ogunpolu BS, et al. Failure of recovery from lead induced hepatoxicity and disruption of erythrocyte antioxidant defence system in Wistar rats. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 2014; 37: 1202–11. [DOI:10.1016/j.etap.2014.03.002]
34. Hsu PC, Guo YL. Antioxidant nutrients and lead toxicity. Toxicol 2002; 180: 33–44. [DOI:10.1016/S0300-483X(02)00380-3]
35. Kasperczyk S, Dobrakowski M, Kasperczyk A, Machnik G, Birkner E. Effect of N-acetylcysteine administration on the expression and activities of antioxidant enzymes and the malondialdehyde level in the blood of lead-exposed workers. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 2014; 37: 638–47. [DOI:10.1016/j.etap.2014.01.024]
36. Oda SS, El-Ashmawy IM. Protective effect of silymarin on mercury-induced acute nephro-hepatotoxicity in rats. Glob Vet 2012; 9:376-83.
37. Golalipour MJ, Roshandel D, Roshandel G, Ghafari S, Kalavi M, Kalavi K. Effect of lead intoxication and D-penicillamine treatment on hematological indices in rats. Int J Morphol 2007; 25: 717-22. [DOI:10.4067/S0717-95022007000400008]
Send email to the article author
| Rights and permissions | |
 |
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |
The Iranian Journal of Toxicology
Arak University of Medical Sciences in collaboration with the Iranian Society of Toxicology
Website: http://ijt.arakmu.ac.ir
Email: tox.journal@gmail.com
