Enter your email address
Submit
Write your message
Volume 19, Issue 1 (2-2025)
IJT 2025, 19(1): 37-44 |
Back to browse issues page
Ethics code: not applicable.
Download citation:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
Shiani A, Mansouri B, Kiani A, Massahi T, Omer A K, Sharafi K et al . Effect of Exposure to Toxic Compounds on Developmental Language Disorder (DLD) - A Narrative Review. IJT 2025; 19 (1) :37-44
URL: http://ijt.arakmu.ac.ir/article-1-1414-en.html
URL: http://ijt.arakmu.ac.ir/article-1-1414-en.html
Amir Shiani1 
, Borhan Mansouri2 , Amir Kiani3 , Tooraj Massahi4 , Abdullah Khalid Omer5 , Kiomars Sharafi * 6, Kamran Tavakol7
, Borhan Mansouri2 , Amir Kiani3 , Tooraj Massahi4 , Abdullah Khalid Omer5 , Kiomars Sharafi * 6, Kamran Tavakol7
1- Department of Speech Therapy, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
2- Substance Abuse Prevention Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
3- Regenerative Medicine Research Center (RMRC), Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran. & Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
4- Students Research Committee, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
5- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
6- Social Development and Health Promotion Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran ,kio.sharafi@gmail.com
7- College of Medicine, Howard University. Washington, DC, USA.
2- Substance Abuse Prevention Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
3- Regenerative Medicine Research Center (RMRC), Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran. & Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
4- Students Research Committee, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
5- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
6- Social Development and Health Promotion Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran ,
7- College of Medicine, Howard University. Washington, DC, USA.
Abstract: (154 Views)
Background and Aim: Exposure to toxic compounds is a significant risk factor for developmental language disorder (DLD) in children. This review article aims to evaluate and discuss the impact of major toxic compounds, such as phthalates, heavy metals, alcohol, smoking, and substance abuse on DLD.
Methods: In this review, we analyzed research data from studies conducted between 1990 and 2024. We searched relevant MeSH terms in international databases, resulting in the identification of 312 articles. After applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, 42 articles were selected for analysis.
Results: The evaluated toxic compounds were found to affect children with DLD. Two main routes of children's exposure to toxic compounds were identified: indirect exposure through mothers during pregnancy and direct exposure through other babies after birth. It was observed that essential metals for the body's metabolism, such as zinc and selenium, have inverse relationships with DLD, unlike toxic metals.
Conclusions: To minimize DLD risks, it is crucial to reduce children’s exposure to toxic compounds. It is recommended to measure levels of toxic compounds in pregnant mothers' blood during the last trimester and again at six months after the babies' birth. Cases with high levels of toxic compounds should be followed by clinical and laboratory examinations to minimize or prevent language development delays in children.
Methods: In this review, we analyzed research data from studies conducted between 1990 and 2024. We searched relevant MeSH terms in international databases, resulting in the identification of 312 articles. After applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, 42 articles were selected for analysis.
Results: The evaluated toxic compounds were found to affect children with DLD. Two main routes of children's exposure to toxic compounds were identified: indirect exposure through mothers during pregnancy and direct exposure through other babies after birth. It was observed that essential metals for the body's metabolism, such as zinc and selenium, have inverse relationships with DLD, unlike toxic metals.
Conclusions: To minimize DLD risks, it is crucial to reduce children’s exposure to toxic compounds. It is recommended to measure levels of toxic compounds in pregnant mothers' blood during the last trimester and again at six months after the babies' birth. Cases with high levels of toxic compounds should be followed by clinical and laboratory examinations to minimize or prevent language development delays in children.
Keywords: Developmental language disorder, Neurodevelopmental, Specific language impairment, Toxic compounds
Type of Study: Applicable |
Subject:
General
Send email to the article author
| Rights and permissions | |
 |
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |
The Iranian Journal of Toxicology
Arak University of Medical Sciences in collaboration with the Iranian Society of Toxicology
Website: http://ijt.arakmu.ac.ir
Email: tox.journal@gmail.com
