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1- School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
2- 1-Medical Toxicology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran 2-School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran ,ghassemita@mums.ac.ir
2- 1-Medical Toxicology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran 2-School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran ,
Abstract: (41 Views)
Background: Examining the demographic and clinical characteristics of patients poisoned by cannabis, as an important part of the knowledge of the epidemiology of poisonings, is of particular importance. Hence, the current study aimed to determine demographic and epidemiological characteristics, clinical symptoms at the time of presentation, and length of hospitalization of patients poisoned with cannabis and its derivatives, including Birjandi potion, referred to the poisoned patients' ward of Imam Reza Hospital in Mashhad, Iran, from 2022 to 2023.
Methods: This descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study was conducted retrospectively. Demographic characteristics (gender, age, level of education, occupation, marital status), epidemiological characteristics (family and city of residence, history of previous use of this substance by the patient, history of prior hospitalization, and method of obtaining this substance by the patient), as well as clinical symptoms at the time of first visit to the emergency room and length of hospitalization until discharge of the patients were recorded in pre-prepared checklists. The required information for patients referred to the center was collected retrospectively from patient files.
Results: Most patients consuming the Birjandi concoction were male (82.3%) and single (59.0%). Concomitant cigarette use was reported in 86 patients (22.1%). Concurrent use of other addictive substances was reported in 34.1% of patients. The majority of our patients were residents of Khorasan Razavi (90.5%); however, patients from the cities of Isfahan (1.8%), Tehran (1.5%), South Khorasan (1.3%), Sistan and Baluchestan (1.3%), North Khorasan (0.7%), Golestan (0.7%), Mazandaran (0.5%), Gilan (0.2%), Markazi (0.2%), Kerman (0.2%), Semnan (0.2%), and Fars (0.2%) were also observed. The most common symptoms observed in patients were cognitive changes and somnolence, which were present in 280 patients (71.8%), followed by restlessness/psychosis (34.1%), nausea and vomiting (23.1%), heart rate changes (13.3%), abdominal pain (2.1%), seizures (3.3%), and shortness of breath (3%). Symptoms such as ataxia, sore throat, and headache were present in only one patient. There was no significant difference in the aforementioned symptoms between the two sexes (p<0.05). Regarding mortality, only two patients (0.5%) died.
Conclusion: In conclusion, the current study revealed that most patients consuming the Birjandi concoction were male and unmarried. Birjandi potion consumption is primarily limited to the Khorasan region and the male gender, with its most common symptoms being cognitive changes or drowsiness. It is recommended that further studies be conducted to address the limitations of this study.
Methods: This descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study was conducted retrospectively. Demographic characteristics (gender, age, level of education, occupation, marital status), epidemiological characteristics (family and city of residence, history of previous use of this substance by the patient, history of prior hospitalization, and method of obtaining this substance by the patient), as well as clinical symptoms at the time of first visit to the emergency room and length of hospitalization until discharge of the patients were recorded in pre-prepared checklists. The required information for patients referred to the center was collected retrospectively from patient files.
Results: Most patients consuming the Birjandi concoction were male (82.3%) and single (59.0%). Concomitant cigarette use was reported in 86 patients (22.1%). Concurrent use of other addictive substances was reported in 34.1% of patients. The majority of our patients were residents of Khorasan Razavi (90.5%); however, patients from the cities of Isfahan (1.8%), Tehran (1.5%), South Khorasan (1.3%), Sistan and Baluchestan (1.3%), North Khorasan (0.7%), Golestan (0.7%), Mazandaran (0.5%), Gilan (0.2%), Markazi (0.2%), Kerman (0.2%), Semnan (0.2%), and Fars (0.2%) were also observed. The most common symptoms observed in patients were cognitive changes and somnolence, which were present in 280 patients (71.8%), followed by restlessness/psychosis (34.1%), nausea and vomiting (23.1%), heart rate changes (13.3%), abdominal pain (2.1%), seizures (3.3%), and shortness of breath (3%). Symptoms such as ataxia, sore throat, and headache were present in only one patient. There was no significant difference in the aforementioned symptoms between the two sexes (p<0.05). Regarding mortality, only two patients (0.5%) died.
Conclusion: In conclusion, the current study revealed that most patients consuming the Birjandi concoction were male and unmarried. Birjandi potion consumption is primarily limited to the Khorasan region and the male gender, with its most common symptoms being cognitive changes or drowsiness. It is recommended that further studies be conducted to address the limitations of this study.
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The Iranian Journal of Toxicology
Arak University of Medical Sciences in collaboration with the Iranian Society of Toxicology
Website: http://ijt.arakmu.ac.ir
Email: tox.journal@gmail.com
