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Volume 9, Issue 29 (Summer 2015)
IJT 2015, 9(29): 1296-12300 |
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Sanaz Pashapour, Zahra Mousavi, Parisa Ziarati, Karim Ebrahim Najafabadi. Comparison of the Level of Cadmium and Lead between the Cigarette Filters of Different Iranian and non-Iranian Brands. IJT 2015; 9 (29) :1296-12300
URL: http://ijt.arakmu.ac.ir/article-1-386-en.html
URL: http://ijt.arakmu.ac.ir/article-1-386-en.html
1- Pharmacology & Toxicology Department, Pharmacy Faculty, Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
2- Pharmacology & Toxicology Department, Pharmacy Faculty, Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran , mosavi50@yahoo.com; moosavi.z@iaups.ac.ir
3- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Pharmacy Faculty, Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
4- Pharmacology & Toxicology Department, Pharmacy Faculty, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
2- Pharmacology & Toxicology Department, Pharmacy Faculty, Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran , mosavi50@yahoo.com; moosavi.z@iaups.ac.ir
3- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Pharmacy Faculty, Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
4- Pharmacology & Toxicology Department, Pharmacy Faculty, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Abstract: (4782 Views)
Background: Cigarette butts have been shown to release numerous kinds of chemicals such as heavy metals in water and may be a continual source of aquatic environments contamination after discarding. The objective of the present study was to determine the concentration of Cd and Pb in cigarette filters of different Iranian and non-Iranian brands in smoked and non-smoked samples.
Methods: Ten different brands of cigarettes were collected from Tehran, Iran local markets in 2014. Standardized international protocols were followed for preparation of the materials and analysis of heavy metals (Pb and Cd) contents. The data were statistically analyzed using SPSS 18 software by ANOVA and Student T tests.
Results: The average concentration of Cd in Iranian cigarette filters was 0.42±0.03mg/kg and in non-Iranian cigarette filters was 0.31±0.05mg/kg (p=0.4). The average concentration of Pb in Iranian cigarette filters was 22.32±1.15mg/kg and in non-Iranian cigarette filters was 23.62±3.17mg/kg (p=0.072). The Cadmium concentration in cigarette filters ranged from 0.18 to 0.48μg/g before and 0.25 to 0.88μg/g after smoking. The Lead concentration in cigarette filters ranged from 16.63 to 33.52μg/g before and 20.14 to 53.55μg/g after smoking.
Conclusion: Smoked cigarette filters have more concentrations of Cd and Pb than non-smoked cigarette filters and these concentrations are also different between Iranian and non-Iranian cigarette brands.
Methods: Ten different brands of cigarettes were collected from Tehran, Iran local markets in 2014. Standardized international protocols were followed for preparation of the materials and analysis of heavy metals (Pb and Cd) contents. The data were statistically analyzed using SPSS 18 software by ANOVA and Student T tests.
Results: The average concentration of Cd in Iranian cigarette filters was 0.42±0.03mg/kg and in non-Iranian cigarette filters was 0.31±0.05mg/kg (p=0.4). The average concentration of Pb in Iranian cigarette filters was 22.32±1.15mg/kg and in non-Iranian cigarette filters was 23.62±3.17mg/kg (p=0.072). The Cadmium concentration in cigarette filters ranged from 0.18 to 0.48μg/g before and 0.25 to 0.88μg/g after smoking. The Lead concentration in cigarette filters ranged from 16.63 to 33.52μg/g before and 20.14 to 53.55μg/g after smoking.
Conclusion: Smoked cigarette filters have more concentrations of Cd and Pb than non-smoked cigarette filters and these concentrations are also different between Iranian and non-Iranian cigarette brands.
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The Iranian Journal of Toxicology
Arak University of Medical Sciences in collaboration with the Iranian Society of Toxicology
Website: http://ijt.arakmu.ac.ir
Email: tox.journal@gmail.com
