Pulmonary Toxicity Induced by Subacute Inhalation of Polyvinyl Chloride Microplastics: Oxidative Stress and NF-κB Pathway Activation in Rat Models

Aditya, Muhammad Reva; Muhammad, Athaya Rahmanardi; Astuti, Triwahju; Sulistomo, Hikmawan Wahyu; Nugrahenny, Dian

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Volume 19, Issue 4 (October 2025) IJT 2025, 19(4): 0-0 | Back to browse issues page

Ethics code: This research has received ethical legislation number: No.81/EC/KEPK-S2/04/2025

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Aditya M R, Muhammad A R, Astuti T, Sulistomo H W, Nugrahenny D. Pulmonary Toxicity Induced by Subacute Inhalation of Polyvinyl Chloride Microplastics: Oxidative Stress and NF-κB Pathway Activation in Rat Models. IJT 2025; 19 (4)
URL: http://ijt.arakmu.ac.ir/article-1-1477-en.html

Pulmonary Toxicity Induced by Subacute Inhalation of Polyvinyl Chloride Microplastics: Oxidative Stress and NF-κB Pathway Activation in Rat Models

Muhammad Reva Aditya¹

, Athaya Rahmanardi Muhammad¹

, Triwahju Astuti

, Hikmawan Wahyu Sulistomo ^*²

, Dian Nugrahenny³

1- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia
2- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia , hikmawan_ws@ub.ac.id
3- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia

Abstract: (16 Views)

Background: Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) microplastics are among the most hazardous types of microplastics due to their widespread use and environmental persistence. The increasing production and degradation of PVC microplastics pose significant concerns about their adverse effects on living organisms, particularly through inhalation exposure. Materials and Methods: This study investigated the pulmonary toxicity of PVC microplastics in rat models following 28 days of subacute inhalation exposure at a dose of 15 mg/m³. Pulmonary inflammation and tissue morphology were evaluated using immunofluorescence staining for p65 NF-κB and hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. Oxidative stress was assessed by measuring malondialdehyde (MDA) levels as a marker. Results: The results demonstrated that subacute inhalation exposure to PVC microplastics significantly increased MDA levels (p<0.05), indicating heightened oxidative stress. Immunofluorescence analysis revealed elevated p65 NF-κB expression (p<0.05), confirming the activation of the inflammatory pathway. Histopathological evaluation showed severe pulmonary tissue damage, including widespread inflammation and structural disruption (p<0.05). Conclusion: This study highlights that subacute inhalation of PVC microplastics induces pulmonary toxicity through mechanisms involving oxidative stress and activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway.

Keywords: Microplastics, polyvinyl chloride, inhalation, pulmonary, toxicity

Type of Study: Research | Subject: General

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